Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Nat Rev Cancer. 2016 Jul;16(7):447-62. doi: 10.1038/nrc.2016.54.
Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the ability to durably control cancer in some patients by manipulating T lymphocytes. These immunotherapies are revolutionizing cancer treatment but benefit only a minority of patients. It is thus a crucial time for clinicians, cancer scientists and immunologists to determine the next steps in shifting cancer treatment towards better cancer control. This Review describes recent advances in our understanding of tumour-associated myeloid cells. These cells remain less studied than T lymphocytes but have attracted particular attention because their presence in tumours is often linked to altered patient survival. Also, experimental studies indicate that myeloid cells modulate key cancer-associated activities, including immune evasion, and affect virtually all types of cancer therapy. Consequently, targeting myeloid cells could overcome limitations of current treatment options.
最近的临床试验表明，通过操纵 T 淋巴细胞，可以持久地控制某些患者的癌症。这些免疫疗法正在彻底改变癌症治疗方法，但仅使少数患者受益。因此，对于临床医生、癌症科学家和免疫学家来说，确定将癌症治疗转向更好地控制癌症的下一步是至关重要的。本综述描述了我们对肿瘤相关髓系细胞的理解的最新进展。这些细胞的研究仍不如 T 淋巴细胞充分，但引起了特别关注，因为它们在肿瘤中的存在通常与患者生存状况的改变有关。此外，实验研究表明，髓系细胞调节关键的癌症相关活动，包括免疫逃逸，并影响几乎所有类型的癌症治疗。因此，靶向髓系细胞可能克服当前治疗选择的局限性。
