O'Callaghan T F, Ross R P, Stanton C, Clarke G
Department of Biosciences, Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; College of Science Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2016 Jul;56 Suppl:S44-55. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.05.003.
The gut microbiome exerts a marked influence on host physiology, and manipulation of its composition has repeatedly been shown to influence host metabolism and body composition. This virtual endocrine organ also has a role in the regulation of the plasma concentrations of tryptophan, an essential amino acid and precursor to serotonin, a key neurotransmitter within both the enteric and central nervous systems. Control over the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis also appears to be under the influence of the gut microbiota. This is clear from studies in microbiota-deficient germ-free animals with exaggerated responses to psychological stress that can be normalized by monocolonization with certain bacterial species including Bifidobacterium infantis. Therapeutic targeting of the gut microbiota may thus be useful in treating or preventing stress-related microbiome-gut-brain axis disorders and metabolic diseases, much the same way as redirections of metabolopathies can be achieved through more traditional endocrine hormone-based interventions. Moreover, the implications of these findings need to be considered in the context of farm and domestic animal physiology, behavior, and food safety.
肠道微生物群对宿主生理机能有显著影响，而且其组成的改变已多次被证明会影响宿主代谢和身体组成。这个虚拟的内分泌器官还在调节色氨酸的血浆浓度方面发挥作用，色氨酸是一种必需氨基酸，也是血清素的前体，血清素是肠神经系统和中枢神经系统中的一种关键神经递质。对下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的控制似乎也受到肠道微生物群的影响。这在对无菌动物的研究中很明显，这些动物对心理压力反应过度，而通过用包括婴儿双歧杆菌在内的某些细菌进行单一定植可以使其恢复正常。因此，靶向肠道微生物群进行治疗可能有助于治疗或预防与压力相关的微生物群-肠道-脑轴紊乱和代谢疾病，这与通过更传统的基于内分泌激素的干预措施来实现代谢病的纠正非常相似。此外，需要在农场动物和家畜的生理、行为及食品安全背景下考虑这些发现的意义。
