Campos Ÿlida, Dos Santos Pinto da Silva Valéria, Sarpa Campos de Mello Márcia, Barros Otero Ubirani
Technical Unit of Occupational, Environmental Exposure and Cancer, José Alencar Gomes da Silva National Cancer Institute ⿿ INCA, Rua Marquês do Pombal, 125/5° andar ⿿ Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20230-240, Brazil.
Neurotoxicology. 2016 Sep;56:7-16. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.06.002. Epub 2016 Jun 24.
Exposure to pesticides has been associated with mental disorders, especially in occupationally exposed populations, such as farmers. This effect has been attributed to the neurotoxic and endocrine-disrupting activity of pesticides, as suggested by experimental studies.
To determine the prevalence of common mental disorders and self-reported depression, and analyze their association with the exposure to pesticides in a rural population resident in the municipality of Dom Feliciano, Rio Grande do Sul, where tobacco farming is the main economic activity.
A cross-sectional study evaluating the prevalence of common mental disorders and self-reported depression in a sample of 869 adult individuals resident in Dom Feliciano, between October 2011 and March 2012 was performed. The evaluation of common mental disorders was performed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), setting a cutoff point of 8 for both genders. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain information on self-reported depression upon prior diagnosis by a health professional, and self-reported exposure to pesticide. In order to evaluate the association between exposure to pesticides and mental disorders, a non-conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.
The prevalence of common mental disorders and self-reported depression in the sample population were 23% and 21%, respectively. Among individuals who reported depression, an increase of 73% was observed in the odds of pesticide exposure at an age equal to or less than 15 years. There was a positive association between self-reported pesticide poisoning and common mental disorders (OR=2.63; 95% CI, 1.62-4.25) as well as self-reported depression (OR=2.62; 95% CI, 1.63-4.21). Individuals who reported depression had a greater odds of exposure to pyrethroids (OR=1.80; 95% CI, 1.01-3.21) and aliphatic alcohol (OR=1.99; 95% CI, 1.04-3.83). An SRQ-20≥8 was associated with an approximately seven times higher odds of exposure to aliphatic alcohol (95% CI, 1.73-27.53). Self-reported depression positively correlated with a greater period of exposure to dinitroaniline (OR=2.20; 95% CI, 1.03-4.70) and sulphonylurea (OR=4.95; 95% CI, 1.06-23.04).
The results suggest that exposure to pesticides could be related mental disorders. However, other common risk factors in tobacco farming, the main local economic activity, cannot be excluded.
接触农药与精神障碍有关，特别是在职业接触人群中，如农民。实验研究表明，这种影响归因于农药的神经毒性和内分泌干扰活性。
确定南里奥格兰德州多姆费利西亚诺市农村居民中常见精神障碍和自我报告的抑郁症的患病率，并分析它们与农药接触之间的关联，该市以烟草种植为主要经济活动。
进行了一项横断面研究，评估2011年10月至2012年3月期间居住在多姆费利西亚诺的869名成年个体样本中常见精神障碍和自我报告的抑郁症的患病率。使用自我报告问卷（SRQ-20）评估常见精神障碍，设定男女临界值均为8。使用标准化问卷获取关于健康专业人员先前诊断的自我报告抑郁症以及自我报告的农药接触信息。为了评估农药接触与精神障碍之间的关联，进行了非条件多变量逻辑回归分析。
样本人群中常见精神障碍和自我报告的抑郁症患病率分别为23%和21%。在报告患有抑郁症的个体中，15岁及以下年龄组农药接触几率增加了73%。自我报告的农药中毒与常见精神障碍（OR=2.63；95%CI，1.62-4.25）以及自我报告的抑郁症（OR=2.62；95%CI，1.63-4.21）之间存在正相关。报告患有抑郁症的个体接触拟除虫菊酯（OR=1.80；95%CI，1.01-3.21）和脂肪族醇（OR=1.99；95%CI，1.04-3.83）的几率更高。SRQ-20≥8与接触脂肪族醇的几率高出约7倍相关（95%CI，1.73-27.53）。自我报告的抑郁症与接触二硝基苯胺（OR=2.20；95%CI，1.03-4.70）和磺酰脲（OR=4.95；95%CI，1.06-23.04）的时间更长呈正相关。
结果表明，接触农药可能与精神障碍有关。然而，不能排除当地主要经济活动烟草种植中的其他常见风险因素。
