Ayala Cabana Lesly, de Santiago-Martín Ana, Meffe Raffaella, López-Heras Isabel, de Bustamante Irene
IMDEA Water Institute, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28802 Madrid, Spain.
Toxics. 2024 Jun 25;12(7):457. doi: 10.3390/toxics12070457.
Unplanned water reuse for crop irrigation may pose a global health risk due to the entry of contaminants into the food chain, undesirable effects on crop quality, and impact on soil health. In this study, we evaluate the impact derived from the co-occurrence of pharmaceuticals (Phs), trace metals (TMs), and one metalloid within the water-soil-plant continuum through bioassay experiments with L. Results indicate that the co-occurrence of Phs and TMs has synergistic or antagonistic effects, depending on target contaminants and environmental compartments. Complex formations between drugs and TMs may be responsible for enhanced sorption onto the soil of several Phs and TMs. Concerning plant uptake, the co-occurrence of Phs and TMs exerts antagonistic and synergistic effects on carbamazepine and diazepam, respectively. With the exception of Cd, drugs exert an antagonistic effect on TMs, negatively affecting their uptake and translocation. Drug contents in lettuce edible parts do not pose any threat to human health, but Cd levels exceed the maximum limits set for leafy vegetable foodstuffs. Under Ph-TM conditions, lettuce biomass decreases, and a nutrient imbalance is observed. Soil enzyme activity is stimulated under Ph-TM conditions (β-galactosidase) and Ph and Ph-TM conditions (urease and arylsulfatase), or it is not affected (phosphatase).
由于污染物进入食物链、对作物品质产生不良影响以及对土壤健康造成冲击，未经计划的作物灌溉用水再利用可能会带来全球健康风险。在本研究中，我们通过对生菜进行生物测定实验，评估了水-土壤-植物连续体中药物（Phs）、痕量金属（TMs）和一种类金属共同存在所产生的影响。结果表明，Phs和TMs的共同存在具有协同或拮抗作用，这取决于目标污染物和环境隔室。药物与TMs之间形成的络合物可能是几种Phs和TMs在土壤上吸附增强的原因。关于植物吸收，Phs和TMs的共同存在分别对卡马西平和地西泮产生拮抗和协同作用。除镉外，药物对TMs具有拮抗作用，会对其吸收和转运产生负面影响。生菜可食用部分中的药物含量对人体健康不构成任何威胁，但镉含量超过了叶菜类食品设定的最大限量。在Ph-TM条件下，生菜生物量下降，且观察到营养失衡。在Ph-TM条件下（β-半乳糖苷酶）以及Ph和Ph-TM条件下（脲酶和芳基硫酸酯酶）土壤酶活性受到刺激，或者不受影响（磷酸酶）。
