Hall Katherine S, Cohen Harvey J, Pieper Carl F, Fillenbaum Gerda G, Kraus William E, Huffman Kim M, Cornish Melissa A, Shiloh Andrew, Flynn Christy, Sloane Richard, Newby L Kristin, Morey Miriam C
Duke Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center.
Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, and.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2017 Apr 1;72(4):572-578. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glw120.
A number of large-scale population studies have provided valuable information about physical performance in aged individuals; however, there is little information about trajectories of function and associations with age across the adult life span. We developed a mobility-focused physical performance screener designed to be appropriate for the adult life span.
The physical performance battery includes measures of mobility, strength, endurance, and balance. Physical activity (PA) was assessed with accelerometry. We examined age-related trends in physical performance and PA, and the relationship between physical performance and PA across the age range (30-90+), by decade, in 775 participants enrolled in the study 2012-2014.
Physical performance was worse with increasing age decade. Although men performed better than women across all ages, the decrement by age group was similar between genders. Worsening physical performance was observed as early as the fifth decade for chair stands and balance and in the sixth decade for gait speed and aerobic endurance. The number and strength of significant associations between physical performance and PA increased with greater age: the greatest number of significant associations was seen in the 60-79 age groups, with fewer reported in the 30-59 and 80-90+ age groups. More PA was associated with better physical function.
These results emphasize the importance of a life span approach to studies of function and aging. This work points to the need for a physical performance screener that spans across adulthood as a clinical tool for identifying functional decline.
多项大规模人群研究提供了有关老年人身体机能的宝贵信息；然而，关于整个成年期功能轨迹及其与年龄的关联的信息却很少。我们开发了一种以行动能力为重点的身体机能筛查工具，旨在适用于整个成年期。
身体机能测试组合包括对行动能力、力量、耐力和平衡能力的测量。通过加速度计评估身体活动（PA）。我们在2012年至2014年参与该研究的775名参与者中，按十年为单位，研究了身体机能和PA与年龄相关的趋势，以及整个年龄范围（30 - 90岁以上）内身体机能与PA之间的关系。
身体机能随着年龄的增长每十年变差。尽管在所有年龄段男性的表现都优于女性，但各年龄组中性别间的下降幅度相似。早在五十多岁时就观察到从座椅站起和平衡能力的下降，而在六十多岁时观察到步速和有氧耐力的下降。身体机能与PA之间显著关联的数量和强度随着年龄的增长而增加：在60 - 79岁年龄组中观察到的显著关联数量最多，在30 - 59岁和80 - 90岁以上年龄组中报告的关联较少。更多的PA与更好的身体功能相关。
这些结果强调了采用全生命周期方法研究功能和衰老的重要性。这项工作指出需要一种跨越成年期的身体机能筛查工具，作为识别功能衰退的临床工具。
