Seleem Dalia, Chen Emily, Benso Bruna, Pardi Vanessa, Murata Ramiro M
Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Division of Periodontology Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Hygiene and Biomedical Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
PeerJ. 2016 Jun 22;4:e2148. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2148. eCollection 2016.
Monolaurin (also known as glycerol monolaurate) is a natural compound found in coconut oil and is known for its protective biological activities as an antimicrobial agent. The nature of oral candidiasis and the increased antifungal resistance demand the search for novel antifungal therapeutic agents. In this study, we examine the antifungal activity of monolaurin against Candida albicans biofilms (strain ATCC:SC5314/MYA2876) in vitro and investigate whether monolaurin can alter gene expression of host inflammatory cytokines, IL-1α and IL-1β. In a co-culture model, oral fibroblast cells were cultured simultaneously with C. albicans for 24 hrs followed by the exposure to treatments of monolaurin (3.9-2,500 µM), positive control fluconazole (32.2 µM), and vehicle control group (1% ethanol), which was a model used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of monolaurin on fibroblasts as well as to analyze morphological characteristics of biofilms through fluorescence microscopy. In addition, the co-culture model was used for RNA extraction of oral fibroblasts to assess gene expression of host inflammatory cytokines, using quantitative real-time PCR. Our results showed the MIC and MFC of monolaurin were in the range 62.5-125 µM and 125-250 µM, respectively. Biofilm antifungal assay showed significant reduction in Log (CFU/ml) of biofilms treated with 1,250 and 2,500 µM of 1-monolaurin when compared to the control groups . There was also a significant down-regulation of IL-1α and IL-1β in the co-culture treated with monolaurin. It can be concluded that monolaurin has a potential antifungal activity against C. albicans and can modulate the pro-inflammatory response of the host.
月桂酸单甘油酯（也称为甘油单月桂酸酯）是一种存在于椰子油中的天然化合物，以其作为抗菌剂的保护性生物活性而闻名。口腔念珠菌病的性质以及抗真菌耐药性的增加，需要寻找新型抗真菌治疗药物。在本研究中，我们检测了月桂酸单甘油酯对白色念珠菌生物膜（菌株ATCC:SC5314/MYA2876）的体外抗真菌活性，并研究月桂酸单甘油酯是否能改变宿主炎症细胞因子IL-1α和IL-1β的基因表达。在共培养模型中，将口腔成纤维细胞与白色念珠菌同时培养24小时，然后用月桂酸单甘油酯（3.9 - 2500μM）、阳性对照氟康唑（32.2μM）和溶剂对照组（1%乙醇）进行处理，该模型用于评估月桂酸单甘油酯对成纤维细胞的细胞毒性，并通过荧光显微镜分析生物膜的形态特征。此外，共培养模型用于从口腔成纤维细胞中提取RNA，使用定量实时PCR评估宿主炎症细胞因子的基因表达。我们的结果表明，月桂酸单甘油酯的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MFC）分别在62.5 - 125μM和125 - 250μM范围内。生物膜抗真菌试验表明，与对照组相比，用1250和2500μM的月桂酸单甘油酯处理的生物膜的Log（CFU/ml）显著降低。在用月桂酸单甘油酯处理的共培养物中，IL-1α和IL-1β也有显著下调。可以得出结论，月桂酸单甘油酯对白色念珠菌具有潜在的抗真菌活性，并能调节宿主的促炎反应。
