Oakman Jodi, Neupane Subas, Nygård Clas-Håkan
Centre for Ergonomics, and Human Factors, School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2016 Oct;89(7):1127-36. doi: 10.1007/s00420-016-1149-z. Epub 2016 Jul 1.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a major workplace issue. With increasing pressure to extend working lives, predictors of MSD risk across all age groups require accurate identification to inform risk reduction strategies.
In 2005 and 2009, a survey was conducted in a Finnish food processing company (N = 734). Data on workplace physical and psychosocial hazards, work ability, job satisfaction and lifestyle-related variables were collected, and MSD risk was measured through assessment of work-related strain in four body areas. Predictors of MSD risk across three age groups (20-35, 36-49, 50+) were assessed with linear regression analysis.
Physical hazards and MSD risk were related differently for each age group. The relationship between psychosocial hazards and MSD risk was less clear. For younger workers, physical hazards were not associated with MSD risk. In contrast, for those aged 36-49, repetitive movements (B = 1.76, p < 0.001) and awkward postures (B = 1.30, p = 0.02) were associated with increased MSD risk. For older workers, environmental hazards were positively associated with MSD risk (B = 0.37, p = 0.04). Predictors of MSD risk changed differently for each age group during 4 years of follow-up. For younger workers, change in environment and repetitive movements, for middle age team support and for older workers change in awkward posture were significant predictors of MSD risk.
These results support the need for workplace-specific hazard surveillance data. This will ensure that all contributing factors to MSD risk can be accurately identified and controlled independent of age.
肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）是一个主要的工作场所问题。随着延长工作寿命的压力不断增加，需要准确识别所有年龄组MSD风险的预测因素，以为降低风险策略提供依据。
2005年和2009年，在一家芬兰食品加工公司进行了一项调查（N = 734）。收集了有关工作场所物理和心理社会危害、工作能力、工作满意度以及与生活方式相关变量的数据，并通过评估四个身体部位的工作相关压力来测量MSD风险。使用线性回归分析评估了三个年龄组（20 - 35岁、36 - 49岁、50岁以上）MSD风险的预测因素。
每个年龄组的物理危害与MSD风险之间的关系不同。心理社会危害与MSD风险之间的关系不太明确。对于年轻工人，物理危害与MSD风险无关。相比之下，对于36 - 49岁的人，重复动作（B = 1.76，p < 0.001）和笨拙姿势（B = 1.30，p = 0.02）与MSD风险增加相关。对于年长工人，环境危害与MSD风险呈正相关（B = 0.37，p = 0.04）。在4年的随访期间，每个年龄组MSD风险的预测因素变化不同。对于年轻工人，环境和重复动作的变化、中年团队支持以及年长工人笨拙姿势的变化是MSD风险的重要预测因素。
这些结果支持需要特定工作场所的危害监测数据。这将确保能够准确识别和控制MSD风险的所有促成因素，而不受年龄影响。
