Fragaszy D M, Visalberghi E
Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-4830.
J Comp Psychol. 1989 Jun;103(2):159-70. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.103.2.159.
To identify behaviors related to acquisition of tool-use in tufted capuchins (Cebus apella), we presented two tool-using tasks to two groups, extending findings by Westergaard and Fragaszy (1987) and Visalberghi (in press). Five Ss learned to use the tools in each task. The primary predictor of success was level of interest in the task. Observation of others at the apparatus did not facilitate exploratory behaviors or contact with the tools in the observers. Most animals performed exploratory behaviors more often when they were at the apparatus alone than when with another, whether or not the other was using a tool. Observers were quick to learn the relationship between another's activities and the appearance of food. We conclude that capuchins do not readily learn about instrumental relations by observation of others or imitate other's acts. Imitation probably plays no role in the spread of novel instrumental behaviors among monkeys.
为了识别卷尾猴（僧帽猴属）获取工具使用相关的行为，我们向两组猴子呈现了两项工具使用任务，扩展了韦斯特加德和弗拉加齐（1987年）以及维萨尔贝吉（即将发表）的研究结果。每组有五只猴子学会了在每项任务中使用工具。成功的主要预测因素是对任务的兴趣程度。在仪器旁观察其他猴子并没有促进观察者的探索行为或与工具的接触。大多数动物独自在仪器旁时比与其他猴子在一起时更频繁地进行探索行为，无论其他猴子是否正在使用工具。观察者很快就了解到其他猴子的活动与食物出现之间的关系。我们得出结论，卷尾猴不会通过观察其他猴子轻易地学习工具关系或模仿其他猴子的行为。模仿可能在猴子之间新的工具行为传播中不起作用。
