Wardekker J A, Wildschut D, Stemberger S, van der Sluijs J P
Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, PO Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, PO Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands ; Coöperatieve Universiteit Amersfoort, Geldersestraat 6, 3812 PP Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
Springerplus. 2016 Jun 17;5(1):750. doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-2408-x. eCollection 2016.
Freshwater systems provide various resources and services. These are often vulnerable to climate change and other pressures. Therefore, enhancing resilience to climate change is important for their long term viability. This paper explores how management options can be evaluated on their resilience implications. The approach included five steps: (1) characterizing the system, (2) characterizing the impacts of climate change and other disturbances, (3) inventorying management options, (4) assessing the impacts of these on climate resilience, and (5) follow-up analysis. For the resilience assessment, we used a set of 'resilience principles': homeostasis, omnivory, high flux, flatness, buffering, and redundancy. We applied the approach in a case study in a Dutch wetlands region. Many options in the region's management plan contribute to resilience, however, the plan underutilised several principles, particularly flatness, but also redundancy and omnivory for agriculture, and high flux for nature. Co-benefits was identified as an important additional criterion to obtain support for adaptation from local stakeholders, such as farmers. The approach provided a relatively quick and participatory way to screen options. It allowed us to consider multiple impacts and sectors, multiple dimensions of resilience, and stakeholder perspectives. The results can be used to identify gaps or pitfalls, and set priorities for follow-up analyses.
淡水系统提供了各种资源和服务。这些资源和服务往往易受气候变化及其他压力的影响。因此，增强对气候变化的适应能力对其长期生存能力至关重要。本文探讨了如何根据管理方案对适应能力的影响来评估这些方案。该方法包括五个步骤：（1）描述系统特征，（2）描述气候变化和其他干扰的影响，（3）列出管理方案清单，（4）评估这些方案对气候适应能力的影响，以及（5）进行后续分析。对于适应能力评估，我们使用了一组“适应能力原则”：稳态、杂食性、高通量、扁平性、缓冲和冗余。我们在荷兰一个湿地地区的案例研究中应用了该方法。该地区管理计划中的许多方案都有助于提高适应能力，然而，该计划未充分利用若干原则，特别是扁平性原则，对于农业而言，也未充分利用冗余和杂食性原则，对于自然环境而言，未充分利用高通量原则。共同效益被确定为获得当地利益相关者（如农民）对适应措施支持的一个重要附加标准。该方法提供了一种相对快速且具参与性的方式来筛选方案。它使我们能够考虑多种影响和部门、适应能力的多个维度以及利益相关者的观点。研究结果可用于识别差距或缺陷，并为后续分析确定优先事项。
