Aguirre Marisol, Bussolo de Souza Carlota, Venema Koen
Top Institute of Food & Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Maastricht University, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2016 Jul 13;11(7):e0159236. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159236. eCollection 2016.
An aberrant metabolic activity or a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a factor that makes us more prone to disease. Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. Metabolically, arabinogalactan fermentation showed a higher production of propionate when compared to n-butyrate in the obese microbiota fermentations. In general, lean microbiota produced more n-butyrate from the fermentation of both substrates when compared to the obese microbiota. Furthermore, the obese microbiota extracted more energy from the fermentation of both fibers.
Compositionally, bacteria belonging to Gemmiger, Dorea, Roseburia, Alistipes, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera were found to be highly abundant or stimulated by the prebiotics in the lean microbiota suggesting a potential role in leanness. Furthermore, a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas was found.
Although supplementary in vivo studies are needed, the current study provides more evidence for the consumption of specific ingredients with the aim of modulating the gut microbiota in the context of obesity.
肠道微生物群的异常代谢活动或组成改变被认为是使我们更易患病的一个因素。因此，我们使用经过验证的近端结肠TNO动态体外模型（TIM-2），在72小时体外发酵实验中，探究了两种膳食纤维（阿拉伯半乳聚糖和菊粉）对瘦人和肥胖者微生物群的影响。在代谢方面，与肥胖微生物群发酵相比，阿拉伯半乳聚糖发酵在肥胖微生物群发酵中产生的丙酸产量高于丁酸。一般来说，与肥胖微生物群相比，瘦人微生物群在两种底物发酵中产生的丁酸更多。此外，肥胖微生物群从两种纤维的发酵中提取了更多能量。
在组成上，发现属于Gemmiger、Dorea、Roseburia、Alistipes、乳酸杆菌属和双歧杆菌属的细菌在瘦人微生物群中含量很高或受到益生元的刺激，这表明它们在瘦人中可能发挥作用。此外，在两种微生物群中，均发现已知的产丁酸菌株（包括青春双歧杆菌、未分类的双歧杆菌和普拉梭菌）与菊粉发酵中的这种代谢物之间存在显著相关性。
尽管需要进一步的体内补充研究，但目前的研究为食用特定成分以调节肥胖背景下的肠道微生物群提供了更多证据。
