Dixon Dani-Louise
Intensive and Critical Care Unit, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide 5042, Australia.
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, Australia .
Children (Basel). 2015 Jul 7;2(3):289-304. doi: 10.3390/children2030289.
Infants who are breastfed are at an immunological advantage when compared with formula fed infants, evidenced by decreased incidence of infections and diminished propensity for long term conditions, including chronic wheeze and/or asthma. Exclusive breastfeeding reduces the duration of hospital admission, risk of respiratory failure and requirement for supplemental oxygen in infants hospitalised with bronchiolitis suggesting a potentially protective mechanism. This review examines the evidence and potential pathways for protection by immunomodulatory factors in human milk against the most common viral cause of bronchiolitis, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and subsequent recurrent wheeze in infants. Further investigations into the interplay between respiratory virus infections such as RSV and how they affect, and are affected by, human milk immunomodulators is necessary if we are to gain a true understanding of how breastfeeding protects many infants but not all against infections, and how this relates to long-term protection against conditions such as chronic wheezing illness or asthma.
与配方奶喂养的婴儿相比，母乳喂养的婴儿具有免疫优势，这表现为感染发生率降低以及患长期疾病（包括慢性喘息和/或哮喘）的倾向降低。纯母乳喂养可缩短因毛细支气管炎住院婴儿的住院时间、呼吸衰竭风险和补充氧气的需求，提示存在潜在的保护机制。本综述探讨了母乳中免疫调节因子对毛细支气管炎最常见病毒病因——呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）以及婴儿随后反复喘息的保护作用的证据和潜在途径。如果我们要真正理解母乳喂养如何保护许多婴儿但并非所有婴儿免受感染，以及这与对慢性喘息性疾病或哮喘等疾病的长期保护有何关系，就有必要进一步研究呼吸道病毒感染（如RSV）之间的相互作用，以及它们如何影响母乳免疫调节剂以及如何受其影响。
