Park M K, Menard S M
Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284.
Am J Dis Child. 1989 Jul;143(7):860-4. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1989.02150190110034.
We measured blood pressure (BP) and heart rate in 1554 healthy infants and children aged 2 weeks to 5 years using an oscillometric device, to establish normative values in this age group. The BP cuff width was selected to be 40% to 50% of the circumference of the upper arm. Triplicate measurements of BP and heart rate were obtained in the waiting room of pediatricians' offices and well-baby clinics before the patients were examined by the physician or nurse. Three readings were possible in 87% of the infants less than 3 years of age and in all children 3 years of age and older. The average BP value (systolic/diastolic [mean]) increased rapidly from the 2- to 3-week value of 78/47 (59) mm Hg to the 1- to 5-month value of 95/60 (74) mm Hg. No subsequent increase in BP occurred until 2 years of age (96/56 [71] mm Hg) when systolic and mean pressures started to increase at an average annual rate of 2 mm Hg for systolic pressure and 1 mm Hg for mean pressure until reaching the 5-year value of 104/58 (75) mm Hg. Diastolic pressure did not increase from 1 month to 5 years of age. Heart rate decreased with increasing age from the 2- to 3-week value of 153 to the 5-year value of 97 beats per minute. There was no difference in BP and heart rate values between boys and girls or among ethnic groups over the age ranges studied. Considering the high success rate in obtaining BPs in infants and small children, it appears that BP should be determined routinely, regardless of the age of the patients, when an oscillometric device is available.
我们使用示波装置测量了1554名年龄在2周龄至5岁的健康婴幼儿的血压（BP）和心率，以确定该年龄组的正常参考值。血压袖带宽度选择为上臂周长的40%至50%。在儿科医生办公室和母婴保健诊所的候诊室，于患者接受医生或护士检查之前，对血压和心率进行三次重复测量。87%的3岁以下婴幼儿以及所有3岁及以上儿童都能获得三次读数。平均血压值（收缩压/舒张压[平均值]）从2至3周龄时的78/47（59）mmHg迅速上升至1至5月龄时的95/60（74）mmHg。在2岁之前（96/56[71]mmHg）血压没有进一步升高，此时收缩压和平均压开始以平均每年收缩压2mmHg、平均压1mmHg的速率上升，直至达到5岁时的104/58（75）mmHg。舒张压从1月龄至5岁未升高。心率随年龄增长从2至3周龄时的153次/分钟降至5岁时的97次/分钟。在所研究的年龄范围内，男孩和女孩之间以及不同种族群体之间的血压和心率值没有差异。鉴于在婴幼儿中获得血压测量值的成功率很高，似乎当有示波装置可用时，无论患者年龄大小，都应常规测定血压。
