Amood Al-Kamarany Mohammed, Al-Areqi Lina, Mujally Abulatif, Alkarshy Fawzya, Nasser Arwa, Jumaan Aisha O
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy and Tropical Medicine Center, Hodeidah University, P.O. Box 3114, Hodeidah, Yemen; Program of Health and Drug, Tihama Foundation for Drug Studies and Research, Hodeidah, Yemen.
The Yemeni-Swedish Hospital, Taiz, Yemen.
Scientifica (Cairo). 2016;2016:8485417. doi: 10.1155/2016/8485417. Epub 2016 Jun 29.
The study aims to assess the impact of rotavirus vaccine introduction on diarrheal diseases hospitalization and to identify the rotavirus genotypes most prevalent before and after vaccine introduction among children ≤ 5 years of age. Rotarix™ ® rotavirus vaccine is currently licensed for infants in Yemen and was introduced in 2012. The vaccination course consists of two doses. The first dose is administrated at 6 weeks of age and the second dose is completed by 10 weeks. Based on a longitudinal observational study, we assessed the impact of vaccination on rotavirus hospitalization before and after vaccination among children ≤ 5 years of age at the Yemeni-Swedish Hospital (YSH) in Taiz, Yemen. Prevaccination covered January 2009-July 2012 during which 2335 fecal samples were collected from children ≤ 5 years old. Postvaccination covered January 2013-December 2014 during which 1114 fecal samples were collected. Rotavirus was detected by Enzyme Linkage Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The incidence of rotavirus hospitalization decreased from 43.79% in 2009 to 10.54% in 2014. Hospitalization due to rotavirus diarrhea was reduced by 75.93%. Vaccine coverage increased from 23% in 2012 to 72% in 2014. Also, the results showed that the most predominant genotypes in prevaccination period were G2P[4] (55.0%), followed by G1P[8] (15.0%), while in postvaccination period G1P[8] (31%) was the predominant genotype, followed by G9P[8] (27.5%). In conclusion, rotavirus vaccination in Yemen resulted in sharp reduction in diarrheal hospitalization. A successful rotavirus vaccination program in Yemen will rely upon efficient vaccine delivery systems and sustained vaccine efficacy against diverse and evolving rotavirus strains.
该研究旨在评估引入轮状病毒疫苗对腹泻疾病住院情况的影响，并确定5岁及以下儿童在疫苗引入前后最常见的轮状病毒基因型。Rotarix™轮状病毒疫苗目前已在也门获得婴儿使用许可，并于2012年引入。疫苗接种程序包括两剂。第一剂在6周龄时接种，第二剂在10周龄前完成。基于一项纵向观察性研究，我们评估了也门塔伊兹市也门-瑞典医院（YSH）5岁及以下儿童接种疫苗前后疫苗接种对轮状病毒住院情况的影响。接种前阶段涵盖2009年1月至2012年7月，在此期间从5岁及以下儿童中收集了2335份粪便样本。接种后阶段涵盖2013年1月至2014年12月，在此期间收集了1114份粪便样本。通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测轮状病毒。轮状病毒住院率从2009年的43.79%降至2014年的10.54%。因轮状病毒腹泻导致的住院率降低了75.93%。疫苗接种覆盖率从2012年的23%增至2014年的72%。此外，结果显示接种前阶段最主要的基因型是G2P[4]（55.0%），其次是G1P[8]（15.0%），而接种后阶段G1P[8]（31%）是主要基因型，其次是G9P[8]（27.5%）。总之，也门的轮状病毒疫苗接种使腹泻住院人数大幅减少。也门成功的轮状病毒疫苗接种计划将依赖高效的疫苗配送系统以及针对多种不断演变的轮状病毒株持续有效的疫苗效力。
