Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino and Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, via Tesserete 48, Lugano 6900, Switzerland.
Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
Eur Heart J. 2017 May 7;38(18):1372-1379. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw304.
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin which have emerged as key mediators of intercellular communication. All major cardiac cell types-including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts-release exosomes that modulate cellular functions. Exosomes released from human cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) are cardioprotective and improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction to an extent comparable with that achieved by their parent cells. Cardiac progenitor cell-derived exosomes are enriched in cardioprotective microRNAs, particularly miR-146a-3p. Circulating exosomes mediate remote ischaemic preconditioning. Moreover, they currently are being investigated as diagnostic markers. The discovery that cell-derived extracellular signalling organelles mediate the paracrine effects of stem cells suggests that cell-free strategies could supplant cell transplantation. This review discusses emerging roles of exosomes in cardiovascular physiology, with a focus on cardioprotective activities of CPC-derived exosomes.
外泌体是起源于内体的细胞外囊泡，已成为细胞间通讯的关键介质。所有主要的心脏细胞类型，包括心肌细胞、内皮细胞和成纤维细胞，都会释放外泌体，从而调节细胞功能。来源于人心肌祖细胞 (CPCs) 的外泌体具有心脏保护作用，并在心肌梗死后改善心脏功能，其效果可与母细胞相当。源自心脏祖细胞的外泌体富含心脏保护 microRNA，特别是 miR-146a-3p。循环外泌体介导远程缺血预处理。此外，它们目前正在作为诊断标志物进行研究。细胞衍生的细胞外信号细胞器介导干细胞旁分泌作用的发现表明，无细胞策略可能取代细胞移植。这篇综述讨论了外泌体在心血管生理学中的新作用，重点是 CPC 衍生的外泌体的心脏保护活性。
