Saadh Mohamed J, Muhammad Faris Anad, Albadr Rafid Jihad, Sanghvi Gaurav, Ballal Suhas, Pathak Piyus Kumar, Bareja Lakshay, Aminov Zafar, Taher Waam Mohammed, Alwan Mariem, Jawad Mahmood Jasem, Al-Nuaimi Ali M Ali
Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan.
College of Pharmacy, Alnoor University, Nineveh, Iraq.
Eur J Med Res. 2025 May 19;30(1):395. doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-02649-6.
Inflammation is a complex, tightly regulated process involving biochemical and cellular reactions to harmful stimuli. Often termed "the internal fire", it is crucial for protecting the body and facilitating tissue healing. While inflammation is essential for survival, chronic inflammation can be detrimental, leading to tissue damage and reduced survival. The innate immune system triggers inflammation, closely linked to the development of heart diseases, with significant consequences for individuals. Inflammation in arterial walls or the body substantially contributes to atherosclerotic disease progression, affecting the cardiovascular system. Altered lipoproteins increase the risk of excessive blood clotting, a hallmark of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its complications. Integrating inflammatory biomarkers with established risk assessment techniques can enhance our ability to identify at-risk individuals, assess their risk severity, and recommend appropriate CVD prevention strategies. Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle, are released by various cells and mediate cell communication locally and systemically. In the past decade, exosomes have been increasingly studied for their vital roles in health maintenance and disease processes. They can transport substances like non-coding RNAs, lipids, and proteins between cells, influencing immune responses and inflammation to elicit harmful or healing effects. This study focuses on the critical role of inflammation in heart disease progression and how non-coding RNAs in exosomes modulate the inflammatory process, either exacerbating or alleviating inflammation-related damage in the cardiovascular system.
炎症是一个复杂且受到严格调控的过程，涉及对有害刺激的生化和细胞反应。炎症常被称为“内火”，对保护身体和促进组织愈合至关重要。虽然炎症对生存至关重要，但慢性炎症可能有害，导致组织损伤并降低生存率。先天免疫系统引发炎症，这与心脏病的发展密切相关，对个体有重大影响。动脉壁或体内的炎症在很大程度上促使动脉粥样硬化疾病进展，影响心血管系统。脂蛋白改变会增加过度凝血的风险，这是动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病及其并发症的一个标志。将炎症生物标志物与既定的风险评估技术相结合，可以提高我们识别高危个体、评估其风险严重程度以及推荐适当的心血管疾病预防策略的能力。外泌体是一种细胞外囊泡，由各种细胞释放，并在局部和全身介导细胞间通讯。在过去十年中，外泌体因其在健康维持和疾病过程中的重要作用而受到越来越多的研究。它们可以在细胞之间运输非编码RNA、脂质和蛋白质等物质，影响免疫反应和炎症，从而引发有害或愈合效应。本研究重点关注炎症在心脏病进展中的关键作用，以及外泌体中的非编码RNA如何调节炎症过程，加剧或减轻心血管系统中与炎症相关的损伤。
