Quinn M J, Delves H T
Central Directorate of Environmental Protection, Department of the Environment, London, UK.
Hum Toxicol. 1989 May;8(3):205-20. doi: 10.1177/096032718900800302.
The Department of the Environment (DOE) undertook an extensive programme to monitor blood lead concentrations annually over the period 1984 to 1987 in the context of the reduction in the maximum permissible lead content of petrol from 0.4 to 0.15 g/l from 1st January 1986. Blood samples (all venous) were analysed for lead by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS); considerable efforts were made to ensure the validity of the analytical results. In 1986, emissions from petrol driven vehicles effectively fell by 60% and air lead concentrations fell by just over 50%. Against the background of a long-term downward trend in blood lead concentrations of 4-5% per year, there were average falls in blood lead in 1986, compared with 1985, of around 1 microgram/100 ml (9-10%) for adults in both 'exposed' and 'control' groups; about 2 micrograms/100 ml (18%) in traffic police; and about 1.5 micrograms/100 ml (16%) in children. Levels fell in 1986 in all age groups, in all social classes, and in all categories of smoking and drinking habits, age of dwelling and length of residence. Exposure to lead from a number of sources was being reduced simultaneously; blood lead concentrations probably fell in both 1985 and in 1986 for reasons additional to the reduction in the lead content of petrol. For children, petrol lead appeared to have been made a slightly larger contribution to the body burden than for adults.
环境部开展了一项广泛的计划，在1984年至1987年期间每年监测血铅浓度，这一时期从1986年1月1日起汽油的最大允许铅含量从0.4克/升降至0.15克/升。通过原子吸收分光光度法（AAS）对血样（均为静脉血）进行铅分析；为确保分析结果的有效性付出了巨大努力。1986年，汽油驱动车辆的排放量有效下降了60%，空气中的铅浓度下降了略超过50%。在血铅浓度每年以4 - 5%的幅度长期呈下降趋势的背景下，与1985年相比，1986年“暴露”组和“对照组”成年人的血铅平均下降了约1微克/100毫升（9 - 10%）；交警的血铅下降了约2微克/100毫升（18%）；儿童的血铅下降了约1.5微克/100毫升（16%）。1986年，所有年龄组、所有社会阶层以及所有吸烟和饮酒习惯、居住房屋年龄和居住时长类别的血铅水平均有所下降。来自多种来源的铅暴露同时在减少；1985年和1986年血铅浓度下降可能还有除汽油铅含量降低之外的其他原因。对于儿童来说，汽油铅对身体负担的贡献似乎比成年人略大。
