Quinn M J
Int J Epidemiol. 1985 Sep;14(3):420-31. doi: 10.1093/ije/14.3.420.
Surveys of blood lead concentrations carried out in the UK under the EEC screening programme for lead covered 8500 people. Blood lead analyses were subject to stringent quality assurance schemes. Significant variations in blood lead were found with age and sex, smoking and drinking habits, social class (in children), age of dwelling and geographical location but not with social class in adults, or with ethnic origin. Blood lead concentrations in childhood exposed to leadworks fell in 1981 following efforts to reduce emissions and improve workers' hygiene. Levels in those living near major roads were not very different from those in the general population in the same area. The highest blood lead concentrations were related to plumbosolvent water; lower levels in 1981 confirmed the effectiveness of remedial water treatment. Broadly similar effects of personal, social and environmental factors on blood lead have been found in other major studies. The findings that several geographical, environmental and personal factors were significantly related to the blood lead concentrations of children and adults have implications for all studies of blood lead concentrations in the general population.
在欧洲经济共同体铅筛查项目下，英国开展的血铅浓度调查涵盖了8500人。血铅分析遵循严格的质量保证方案。研究发现，血铅水平随年龄、性别、吸烟和饮酒习惯、社会阶层（儿童）、居住年龄和地理位置而有显著差异，但在成年人中与社会阶层无关，与种族也无关。1981年，在采取减少排放和改善工人卫生的措施后，接触铅厂的儿童血铅浓度有所下降。居住在主要道路附近的人的血铅水平与同一地区普通人群的血铅水平没有太大差异。血铅浓度最高与含铅溶剂水有关；1981年较低的血铅水平证实了补救性水处理的有效性。在其他主要研究中也发现了个人、社会和环境因素对血铅有大致相似的影响。几项地理、环境和个人因素与儿童和成人血铅浓度显著相关的研究结果，对普通人群血铅浓度的所有研究都有启示意义。
