Quinn M J, Delves H T
Central Directorate of Environmental Protection, Department of the Environment, London, UK.
Hum Toxicol. 1988 Mar;7(2):105-23. doi: 10.1177/096032718800700202.
The Department of the Environment (DOE) has undertaken an extensive programme to monitor blood lead concentrations annually over the period 1984 to 1987 in the context of the reduction in the maximum permissible lead content of petrol from 0.4 to 0.15 g/l from 1 January 1986. The 2500 participants in the study include adults living in heavily trafficked urban areas and in occupational groups particularly exposed to petrol lead; children aged 6-7 years attending schools in heavily trafficked urban areas; and control groups of adults and children in rural areas. Blood samples (all venous) are being analysed for lead by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS); considerable efforts are being made to ensure the validity of the analytical results during the period of the study. Average blood lead concentrations in 1984 and 1985 in both adults and children were generally low and were in line with levels expected on the basis of earlier surveys; only a very small proportion of individuals had raised levels. Detailed statistical analyses have confirmed that blood lead concentrations are related to a range of personal, social and environmental factors including age, sex and smoking and drinking habits. Blood lead levels in the exposed groups of adults and children were on average just under 1 microgram/100 ml lower in 1985 than in 1984, while overall changes in the police and control groups were smaller; there was, however, considerable variability in the changes in the individual surveys, particularly those of children. Levels fell in all social classes and in both categories of age of dwelling, but changes tended to be less marked in those who were older (particularly for men), smoked more, drank more or had lived for more than 15 years at their current address.
环境部（DOE）开展了一项广泛的计划，在1984年至1987年期间每年监测血铅浓度，这是在1986年1月1日将汽油中铅的最大允许含量从0.4克/升降至0.15克/升的背景下进行的。该研究的2500名参与者包括居住在交通繁忙的城市地区的成年人以及特别暴露于汽油铅的职业群体；在交通繁忙的城市地区上学的6至7岁儿童；以及农村地区的成人和儿童对照组。正在通过原子吸收分光光度法（AAS）对血样（均为静脉血）进行铅分析；在研究期间正在做出相当大的努力以确保分析结果的有效性。1984年和1985年成人和儿童的平均血铅浓度普遍较低，与早期调查预期的水平相符；只有极少数人的血铅水平升高。详细的统计分析证实，血铅浓度与一系列个人、社会和环境因素有关，包括年龄、性别以及吸烟和饮酒习惯。1985年，成人和儿童暴露组的血铅水平平均比1984年低近1微克/100毫升，而警察组和对照组的总体变化较小；然而，在个别调查中，尤其是儿童的调查中，变化存在很大差异。所有社会阶层以及两个居住年龄段的血铅水平都有所下降，但年龄较大的人（尤其是男性）、吸烟更多、饮酒更多或在当前住址居住超过15年的人，其变化往往不太明显。
