Lord C, Rutter M, Goode S, Heemsbergen J, Jordan H, Mawhood L, Schopler E
Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Canada.
J Autism Dev Disord. 1989 Jun;19(2):185-212. doi: 10.1007/BF02211841.
The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), a standardized protocol for observation of social and communicative behavior associated with autism, is described. The instrument consists of a series of structured and semistructured presses for interaction, accompanied by coding of specific target behaviors associated with particular tasks and by general ratings of the quality of behaviors. Interrater reliability for five raters exceeded weighted kappas of .55 for each item and each pair of raters for matched samples of 15 to 40 autistic and nonautistic, mildly mentally handicapped children (M IQ = 59) between the ages of 6 and 18 years. Test-retest reliability was adequate. Further analyses compared these groups to two additional samples of autistic and nonautistic subjects with normal intelligence (M IQ = 95), matched for sex and chronological age. Analyses yielded clear diagnostic differences in general ratings of social behavior, specific aspects of communication, and restricted or stereotypic behaviors and interests. Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis of autism in the draft version of ICD-10 were operationalized in terms of abnormalities on specific ADOS items. An algorithm based on these items was shown to have high reliability and discriminant validity.
本文介绍了自闭症诊断观察量表（ADOS），这是一种用于观察与自闭症相关的社交和沟通行为的标准化方案。该工具包括一系列结构化和半结构化的互动环节，同时对与特定任务相关的特定目标行为进行编码，并对行为质量进行总体评分。对于年龄在6至18岁之间、智商为轻度智力障碍（M IQ = 59）的15至40名自闭症和非自闭症儿童的匹配样本，五位评估者之间的评分者间信度超过了每项以及每对评估者加权kappa值0.55。重测信度良好。进一步的分析将这些组与另外两组智商正常（M IQ = 95）、性别和实足年龄匹配的自闭症和非自闭症受试者样本进行了比较。分析结果显示，在社交行为的总体评分、沟通的具体方面以及受限或刻板行为及兴趣方面存在明显的诊断差异。国际疾病分类第10版草案中自闭症诊断的临床指南根据ADOS特定项目上的异常情况进行了操作化定义。基于这些项目的算法显示出高信度和判别效度。
