Mansori Kamyar, Soori Hamid, Farnaghi Fariba, Khodakarim Sohila, Mansouri Hanis Shiva, Khodadost Mahmoud
PhD Student, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Professor of Epidemiology, Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention and Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2016 Apr 13;30:355. eCollection 2016.
Poisoning is a major public health problem and is one of the most frequent causes of emergency hospital admissions. The aim of this study was to identify the main risk factors for unintentional childhood poisoning in Tehran, Iran and to suggest possible causes and preventative measures.
In this case-control study (case, n=140; control, n=280), two controls were selected for every case. Controls were matched by age, sex, and date of hospital attendance. All children and their guardians were then interviewed by the same person using a standard questionnaire that covered the demographic, behavioral, and risk factors associated with accidental poisonings.
The most common type of poisoning was related to narcotics (58.6%); and among the narcotics, methadone was the most prevalent poisoning agent (74.7%). Multivariate conditional logistic regression model revealed that addiction in the family (OR=14.6; 95% CI:6.2-34.6), previous poisoning (OR=7; 95% CI:2.4- 20.2), maternal occupation (OR=4; 95% CI:1.3- 12.3), and inaccessibility of poisoning products (OR=0.03; 95% CI:0.01- 0.12) were the main risk factors in unintentional childhood poisoning.
Addiction in the family as a risk factor and inaccessibility of poisoning products as a protecting factor were recognized to have the highest correlation with the unintentional child poisoning. These two factors were considered as priorities in health education programs.
中毒是一个重大的公共卫生问题，也是急诊住院最常见的原因之一。本研究的目的是确定伊朗德黑兰儿童意外中毒的主要风险因素，并提出可能的原因和预防措施。
在这项病例对照研究中（病例组，n = 140；对照组，n = 280），每个病例选择两个对照。对照组按年龄、性别和就诊日期进行匹配。然后由同一人使用标准问卷对所有儿童及其监护人进行访谈，问卷涵盖与意外中毒相关的人口统计学、行为和风险因素。
最常见的中毒类型与麻醉药品有关（58.6%）；在麻醉药品中，美沙酮是最常见的中毒剂（74.7%）。多变量条件逻辑回归模型显示，家庭成瘾（比值比[OR]=14.6；95%置信区间[CI]：6.2 - 34.6）、既往中毒史（OR = 7；95% CI：2.4 - 20.2）、母亲职业（OR = 4；95% CI：1.3 - 12.3）以及中毒产品难以获取（OR = 0.03；95% CI：0.01 - 0.12）是儿童意外中毒的主要风险因素。
家庭成瘾作为一个风险因素和中毒产品难以获取作为一个保护因素被认为与儿童意外中毒的相关性最高。这两个因素被视为健康教育项目的重点。
