McCowan Talus J, Dhasarathy Archana, Carvelli Lucia
Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.
J Addict Prev. 2015;2015(Suppl 1). doi: 10.13188/2330-2178.S100001. Epub 2015 Feb 9.
Amphetamine (AMPH) is a psychostimulant and the most prescribed drug to treat attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). Although therapeutically used doses are generally well tolerated, numerous side effects are still known to occur, such as jitteriness, loss of appetite and psychosis. Moreover, AMPH is liable to be abused by users looking for increased alertness, weight loss or athletic performance. A growing body of evidence indicates that drugs of abuse, including AMPH, control gene expression through chromatin modifications. However, while numerous studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms of AMPH action, only a small number of studies have explored changes in gene expression caused by AMPH. This review examines the epigenetic changes induced by chronic and acute treatments with AMPH and includes, where relevant, data obtained with other psychostimulants such as methamphetamine and cocaine.
苯丙胺(AMPH)是一种精神兴奋剂,也是治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)最常用的处方药。虽然治疗剂量通常耐受性良好,但仍已知会出现许多副作用,如神经过敏、食欲不振和精神病。此外,AMPH容易被寻求提高警觉性、减肥或提高运动表现的使用者滥用。越来越多的证据表明,包括AMPH在内的滥用药物通过染色质修饰来控制基因表达。然而,虽然许多研究调查了AMPH作用的分子机制,但只有少数研究探索了AMPH引起的基因表达变化。本综述研究了AMPH慢性和急性治疗引起的表观遗传变化,并在相关情况下纳入了用其他精神兴奋剂如甲基苯丙胺和可卡因获得的数据。