Huang Po-Chin, Tsai Chih-Hsin, Liang Wei-Yen, Li Sih-Syuan, Huang Han-Bin, Kuo Pao-Lin
National Environmental Health Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
PLoS One. 2016 Jul 25;11(7):e0159398. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159398. eCollection 2016.
Previous studies revealed that phthalate exposure could alter thyroid hormones during the last trimester of pregnancy. However, thyroid hormones are crucial for fetal development during the first trimester. We aimed to clarify the effect of phthalate exposure on thyroid hormones during early pregnancy.
We recruited 97 pregnant women who were offered an amniocentesis during the early trimester from an obstetrics clinic in southern Taiwan from 2013 to 2014. After signing an informed consent form, we collected amniotic fluid and urine samples from pregnant women to analyze 11 metabolites, including mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-butyl phthalate (MnBP), of 9 phthalates using liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry. We collected blood samples from each subject to analyze serum thyroid hormones including thyroxine (T4), free T4, and thyroid-binding globulin (TBG).
Three phthalate metabolites were discovered to be >80% in the urine samples of the pregnant women: MEP (88%), MnBP (81%) and MECPP (86%). Median MnBP and MECPP levels in pregnant Taiwanese women were 21.5 and 17.6 μg/g-creatinine, respectively, that decreased after the 2011 Taiwan DEHP scandal. Results of principal component analysis suggested two major sources (DEHP and other phthalates) of phthalates exposure in pregnant women. After adjusting for age, gestational age, TBG, urinary creatinine, and other phthalate metabolites, we found a significantly negative association between urinary MnBP levels and serum T4 (β = -5.41; p-value = 0.012; n = 97) in pregnant women using Bonferroni correction.
We observed a potential change in the thyroid hormones of pregnant women during early pregnancy after DnBP exposure. Additional study is necessitated to clarify these associations.
先前的研究表明，孕期最后三个月接触邻苯二甲酸盐可能会改变甲状腺激素水平。然而，甲状腺激素在孕早期对胎儿发育至关重要。我们旨在阐明孕早期接触邻苯二甲酸盐对甲状腺激素的影响。
我们招募了97名在2013年至2014年期间于台湾南部一家妇产科诊所孕早期接受羊水穿刺检查的孕妇。在签署知情同意书后，我们收集了孕妇的羊水和尿液样本，使用液相色谱/串联质谱法分析9种邻苯二甲酸盐的11种代谢物，包括邻苯二甲酸单乙酯（MEP）、邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基-5-羧基戊基）酯（MECPP）、邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基己基）酯（MEHP）、邻苯二甲酸单丁酯（MnBP）。我们采集了每位受试者的血液样本，以分析血清甲状腺激素，包括甲状腺素（T4）、游离T4和甲状腺结合球蛋白（TBG）。
在孕妇的尿液样本中发现三种邻苯二甲酸盐代谢物含量>80%：MEP（88%）、MnBP（81%）和MECPP（86%）。台湾孕妇中MnBP和MECPP的中位数水平分别为21.5和17.6μg/g肌酐，在2011年台湾塑化剂丑闻后有所下降。主成分分析结果表明孕妇接触邻苯二甲酸盐有两个主要来源（DEHP和其他邻苯二甲酸盐）。在对年龄、孕周、TBG、尿肌酐和其他邻苯二甲酸盐代谢物进行校正后，我们使用Bonferroni校正发现孕妇尿中MnBP水平与血清T4之间存在显著负相关（β = -5.41；p值 = 0.012；n = 97）。
我们观察到孕妇在孕早期接触DnBP后甲状腺激素可能发生变化。需要进一步研究来阐明这些关联。
