School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Preventive Medicine and Health Service Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
Environ Res. 2017 Feb;153:63-72. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.11.014. Epub 2016 Nov 29.
Previous epidemiologic and toxicological studies provide some inconsistent evidence that exposure to phthalates may affect thyroid function and growth hormone homeostasis.
To assess the relations between exposure to phthalates and indicators of thyroid function and growth hormone homeostasis disturbances both among adults and minors.
We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of 279 Taiwanese adults (≥18 years old) and 79 minors (<18 years old) in 2013. Exposure assessment was based on urinary biomarkers, 11 phthalate metabolites measured by using online liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Indicators of thyroid function included serum levels of thyroxine (T), free T, triiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). Growth hormone homeostasis was measured as the serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3). We applied multivariate linear regression models to examine these associations after adjusting for covariates.
Among adults, serum T levels were negatively associated with urinary mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (β=-0.028, P=0.043) and the sum of urinary di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolite (β=-0.045, P=0.017) levels. Free T levels were negatively associated with urinary mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) (β=-0.013, P=0.042) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (β=-0.030, P=0.003) levels, but positively associated with urinary monoethyl phthalate (β=0.014, P=0.037) after adjustment for age, BMI, gender, urinary creatinine levels, and TBG levels. Postive associations between urinary MEHP levels and IGF-1 levels (β=0.033, P=0.006) were observed. Among minors, free T was positively associated with urinary mono benzyl phthalate levels (β=0.044, P=0.001), and IGF-1 levels were negatively associated with the sum of urinary DEHP metabolite levels (β=-0.166, P=0.041) after adjustment for significant covariance and IGFBP3.
Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to phthalates influences thyroid function and growth hormone homeostasis.
先前的流行病学和毒理学研究提供了一些不一致的证据，表明接触邻苯二甲酸酯可能会影响甲状腺功能和生长激素稳态。
评估接触邻苯二甲酸酯与成年人和未成年人的甲状腺功能和生长激素稳态紊乱指标之间的关系。
我们于 2013 年进行了一项基于人群的横断面研究，共纳入 279 名台湾成年人（≥18 岁）和 79 名未成年人（<18 岁）。暴露评估基于尿液生物标志物，通过在线液相色谱/串联质谱法测量了 11 种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物。甲状腺功能的指标包括血清甲状腺素（T）、游离 T、三碘甲状腺原氨酸、促甲状腺激素和甲状腺素结合球蛋白（TBG）的水平。生长激素稳态通过血清胰岛素样生长因子 1（IGF-1）和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白 3（IGFBP3）的水平来衡量。我们在调整协变量后，应用多元线性回归模型来检验这些关联。
在成年人中，血清 T 水平与尿单-（2-乙基-5-羟基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（β=-0.028，P=0.043）和尿二-（2-乙基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（DEHP）代谢物（β=-0.045，P=0.017）水平呈负相关。游离 T 水平与尿单乙基己基邻苯二甲酸酯（MEHP）（β=-0.013，P=0.042）和单-（2-乙基-5-氧代己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（β=-0.030，P=0.003）水平呈负相关，但与尿单乙基邻苯二甲酸酯（β=0.014，P=0.037）水平呈正相关，校正年龄、BMI、性别、尿肌酐水平和 TBG 水平后。尿 MEHP 水平与 IGF-1 水平呈正相关（β=0.033，P=0.006）。在未成年人中，游离 T 与尿单苄基邻苯二甲酸酯水平呈正相关（β=0.044，P=0.001），IGF-1 水平与尿 DEHP 代谢物总和水平呈负相关（β=-0.166，P=0.041），校正显著性协变量和 IGFBP3 后。
我们的结果与接触邻苯二甲酸酯会影响甲状腺功能和生长激素稳态的假设一致。
