Millings Abigail, Hepper Erica G, Hart Claire M, Swift Louise, Rowe Angela C
Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK.
School of Psychology, University of Surrey Guildford, UK.
Front Psychol. 2016 Jul 6;7:1003. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01003. eCollection 2016.
Despite being a universal human attachment behavior, little is known about individual differences in crying. To facilitate such examination we first recommend shortened versions of the attitudes and proneness sections of the Adult Crying Inventory using two independent samples. Importantly, we examine attachment orientation differences in crying proneness and test the mediating role of attitudes toward crying in this relationship. Participants (Sample 1 N = 623, Sample 2 N = 781), completed online measures of adult attachment dimensions (avoidance and anxiety), attitudes toward crying, and crying proneness. Exploratory factor analyses in Sample 1 revealed four factors for crying attitudes: crying helps one feel better; crying is healthy; hatred of crying; and crying is controllable; and three factors for crying proneness: threat to self; sadness; and joy. Confirmatory factor analyses in Sample 2 replicated these structures. Theoretically and statistically justified short forms of each scale were created. Multiple mediation analyses revealed similar patterns of results across the two samples, with the attitudes "crying is healthy" and "crying is controllable" consistently mediating the positive links between attachment anxiety and crying proneness, and the negative links between attachment avoidance and crying proneness. Results are discussed in relation to attachment and emotion regulation literature.
尽管哭泣是一种普遍的人类依恋行为，但对于哭泣的个体差异却知之甚少。为便于进行此类研究，我们首先使用两个独立样本推荐了成人哭泣量表中态度和倾向部分的简短版本。重要的是，我们研究了哭泣倾向中的依恋取向差异，并测试了对哭泣的态度在这种关系中的中介作用。参与者（样本1 N = 623，样本2 N = 781）完成了成人依恋维度（回避和焦虑）、对哭泣的态度以及哭泣倾向的在线测量。样本1中的探索性因素分析揭示了哭泣态度的四个因素：哭泣有助于感觉更好；哭泣是健康的；讨厌哭泣；以及哭泣是可控的；以及哭泣倾向的三个因素：对自我的威胁；悲伤；以及喜悦。样本2中的验证性因素分析复制了这些结构。创建了每个量表在理论和统计上合理的简短形式。多重中介分析在两个样本中揭示了相似的结果模式，“哭泣是健康的”和“哭泣是可控的”态度始终中介着依恋焦虑与哭泣倾向之间的正向联系，以及依恋回避与哭泣倾向之间的负向联系。结合依恋和情绪调节文献对结果进行了讨论。
