Laboratory of System Biology, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China.
Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800 China.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2017 Mar 15;89(Pt 1):96-106. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.030. Epub 2016 Jul 9.
During the past few years, graphene and graphene oxide (GO) have attracted numerous attentions for the potential applications in various fields from energy technology, biosensing to biomedical diagnosis and therapy due to their various functionalization, high volume surface ratio, unique physical and electrical properties. Among which, graphene and graphene oxide based fluorescent biosensors enabled by their fluorescence-quenching properties have attracted great interests. The fluorescence of fluorophore or dye labeled on probes (such as molecular beacon, aptamer, DNAzymes and so on) was quenched after adsorbed on to the surface of graphene. While in the present of the targets, due to the strong interactions between probes and targets, the probes were detached from the surface of graphene, generating dramatic fluorescence, which could be used as signals for detection of the targets. This strategy was simple and economy, together with great programmable abilities of probes; we could realize detection of different kinds of species. In this review, we first briefly introduced the history of graphene and graphene oxide, and then summarized the fluorescent biosensors enabled by graphene and GO, with a detailed account of the design mechanism and comparison with other nanomaterials (e.g. carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles). Following that, different sensing platforms for detection of DNAs, ions, biomolecules and pathogens or cells as well as the cytotoxicity issue of graphene and GO based in vivo biosensing were further discussed. We hope that this review would do some help to researchers who are interested in graphene related biosening research work.
在过去的几年中，由于其各种功能化、高体积表面积比、独特的物理和电学性质，石墨烯和氧化石墨烯 (GO) 引起了人们的广泛关注，它们在能源技术、生物传感到生物医学诊断和治疗等各个领域都有潜在的应用。其中，基于石墨烯的荧光生物传感器由于其荧光猝灭特性而引起了极大的兴趣。荧光团或染料标记探针（如分子信标、适体、DNA 酶等）的荧光在吸附到石墨烯表面后被猝灭。然而，在存在目标物的情况下，由于探针与目标物之间的强相互作用，探针从石墨烯表面脱离，产生强烈的荧光，可作为检测目标物的信号。这种策略简单经济，同时具有探针的可编程性强的特点；我们可以实现对不同种类的物质进行检测。在这篇综述中，我们首先简要介绍了石墨烯和氧化石墨烯的历史，然后总结了基于石墨烯和 GO 的荧光生物传感器，详细阐述了其设计机制，并与其他纳米材料（如碳纳米管和金纳米颗粒）进行了比较。接下来，进一步讨论了用于检测 DNA、离子、生物分子和病原体或细胞的不同传感平台，以及基于体内生物传感的石墨烯和 GO 的细胞毒性问题。我们希望这篇综述能对那些对石墨烯相关生物传感研究工作感兴趣的研究人员有所帮助。
