Ataee R, Falahati A, Ebrahimzadeh M A, Shokrzadeh M
Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016 Jul;20(14):3123-6.
Sambucus (S) spp. is reported to possess a variety of activities and has been used in traditional medicine for many years. In spite of CNS activity of this genus, nothing is known about the anticonvulsant activity of S. nigra.
Anticonvulsant activities of methanolic extracts of bark, fruit and leaf of S. nigra at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg kg-1 were determined by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced and maximal electroshock (MES) induced convulsions in mice.
Normal saline treated mice showed tonic hind limb extension for a duration of 6.58 ± 1.24 s in MES model. Administration of extracts significantly and dose-dependently increased the delay of the onset of seizures and decreased significantly the duration of tonic hind limb extension. Bark extract at 500 and leaf extract at 1000 mg kg-1 gave 100% protection against seizures. They inhibited induction of convulsion and gave 100% protections against mortality. PTZ (100 mg kg-1) induced tonic seizures in all of the control mice. Pretreatment with leaf extract at 500 and 1000 mg kg-1 significantly decreased duration of tonic hind limb extension (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001).
GABA receptors were involved in epilepsy. Reduction of mortality and increase the onset of convulsion in MES model was comparable with that of diazepam. Extracts might possibly be producing an antiepileptic action by increasing the level of GABA.
接骨木属植物据报道具有多种活性，并且已在传统医学中使用多年。尽管该属具有中枢神经系统活性，但对于黑接骨木的抗惊厥活性却一无所知。
通过戊四氮（PTZ）诱导和最大电休克（MES）诱导的小鼠惊厥，测定黑接骨木树皮、果实和叶子的甲醇提取物在250、500和1000 mg kg-1剂量下的抗惊厥活性。
在MES模型中，生理盐水处理的小鼠强直性后肢伸展持续时间为6.58±1.24秒。提取物的给药显著且剂量依赖性地增加了癫痫发作开始的延迟，并显著缩短了强直性后肢伸展的持续时间。500 mg kg-1的树皮提取物和1000 mg kg-1的叶子提取物对癫痫发作提供了100%的保护。它们抑制惊厥的诱导，并对死亡率提供了100%的保护。PTZ（100 mg kg-1）在所有对照小鼠中诱导强直性惊厥。500和1000 mg kg-1的叶子提取物预处理显著缩短了强直性后肢伸展的持续时间（p<0.05和p<0.001）。
GABA受体与癫痫有关。在MES模型中死亡率的降低和惊厥发作的增加与地西泮相当。提取物可能通过提高GABA水平产生抗癫痫作用。
