Gavrieli Anna, Mantzoros Christos S
Department of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2016 Sep;31(3):361-372. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2016.31.3.361. Epub 2016 Jul 26.
Excess energy intake, without a compensatory increase of energy expenditure, leads to obesity. Several molecules are involved in energy homeostasis regulation and new ones are being discovered constantly. Appetite regulating hormones such as ghrelin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine and amylin or incretins such as the gastric inhibitory polypeptide have been studied extensively while other molecules such as fibroblast growth factor 21, chemerin, irisin, secreted frizzle-related protein-4, total bile acids, and heme oxygenase-1 have been linked to energy homeostasis regulation more recently and the specific role of each one of them has not been fully elucidated. This mini review focuses on the above mentioned molecules and discusses them in relation to their regulation by the macronutrient composition of the diet as well as diet-induced weight loss.
能量摄入过多而没有相应增加能量消耗会导致肥胖。多种分子参与能量平衡调节，并且不断有新的分子被发现。诸如胃饥饿素、肽酪酪肽和胰淀素等食欲调节激素，或者如胃抑制多肽等肠促胰岛素，都已得到广泛研究，而其他分子，如成纤维细胞生长因子21、趋化素、鸢尾素、分泌型卷曲相关蛋白-4、总胆汁酸和血红素加氧酶-1，最近也被发现与能量平衡调节有关，但其各自的具体作用尚未完全阐明。本综述聚焦于上述分子，并讨论它们与饮食中宏量营养素组成的调节以及饮食诱导的体重减轻之间的关系。
