Hron Bridget M, Ebbeling Cara B, Feldman Henry A, Ludwig David S
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., HUN Ground, Boston, MA USA.
New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center and Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA USA.
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2017 Jul 5;14:44. doi: 10.1186/s12986-017-0198-y. eCollection 2017.
We sought to characterize the effects of dietary macronutrient composition on various hormones implicated in the regulation of insulin sensitivity (IS) and energy expenditure (EE).
Following 10-15% weight loss, 21 overweight subjects consumed 3 weight-loss maintenance diets [low fat (LF), low glycemic index (LGI) and very low carbohydrate (VLC)] in random order, each for 4 weeks. At baseline and at the end of each treatment period, fasting samples for fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21, heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), chemerin, irisin, secreted frizzle-related protein (SFRP-4), total bile acids, ghrelin, gastrin inhibitory peptide (GIP), peptide-Y, and amylin; hepatic and peripheral IS; and EE were obtained. Analyses were controlled for age, gender, baseline body mass index, and diet sequence.
FGF-21 decreased ( < 0.0001), with differential effect by macronutrient composition (mean change from baseline ± SEM: LF -49.4 ± 16.6, LGI -58.6 ± 16.3, VLC -76.7 ± 18.2 pg/mL, = 0.0002). Change in FGF-21 was inversely associated with change in hepatic IS [Beta = -0.565 units/log(ng/mL), = 0.02], but not with peripheral IS or EE. Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased ( = 0.003), without differential effect by macronutrient composition (LF 0.40 ± 0.26, LGI 0.98 ± 0.63, VLC 0.49 ± 0.29 ng/mL, = 0.07). Ghrelin increased ( = 0.0003), while chemerin decreased ( = 0.001) without macronutrient effect. Total bile acid, irisin, SFRP-4, GIP, peptide-Y and amylin levels did not change.
FGF-21 levels decreased with dietary intervention in proportion to carbohydrate content, and correlated with hepatic insulin sensitivity, suggesting a pattern of improving FGF-21 resistance. HO-1 increased in response to dietary intervention, a tendency to greater increase in response to the LGI diet. Dietary intervention affected ghrelin and chemerin, independent of macronutrient composition. These findings may elucidate relationships between dietary composition, insulin sensitivity and metabolism.
NCT00315354.
我们试图确定饮食中常量营养素组成对参与胰岛素敏感性（IS）和能量消耗（EE）调节的各种激素的影响。
21名超重受试者在体重减轻10 - 15%后，随机依次食用3种减肥维持饮食[低脂（LF）、低血糖指数（LGI）和极低碳水化合物（VLC）]，每种饮食持续4周。在基线期和每个治疗期结束时，采集空腹样本，检测成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）-21、血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）、趋化素、鸢尾素、分泌型卷曲相关蛋白（SFRP）-4、总胆汁酸、胃饥饿素、胃抑肽（GIP）、肽Y和胰淀素；检测肝脏和外周胰岛素敏感性；以及能量消耗。分析时对年龄、性别、基线体重指数和饮食顺序进行了控制。
FGF-21水平下降（<0.0001），常量营养素组成有差异效应（相对于基线的平均变化±标准误：LF -49.4±16.6，LGI -58.6±16.3，VLC -76.7±18.2 pg/mL，P = 0.0002）。FGF-21的变化与肝脏胰岛素敏感性的变化呈负相关[β = -0.565单位/log(ng/mL)，P = 0.02]，但与外周胰岛素敏感性或能量消耗无关。血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）升高（P = 0.003），常量营养素组成无差异效应（LF 0.40±0.26，LGI 0.98±0.63，VLC 0.49±0.29 ng/mL，P = 0.07）。胃饥饿素升高（P = 0.0003），而趋化素降低（P = 0.001），常量营养素无影响。总胆汁酸、鸢尾素、SFRP-4、GIP、肽Y和胰淀素水平未改变。
饮食干预后FGF-21水平随碳水化合物含量成比例下降，并与肝脏胰岛素敏感性相关，提示FGF-21抵抗改善模式。HO-1对饮食干预有反应而升高，对LGI饮食反应有更大升高趋势。饮食干预影响胃饥饿素和趋化素，与常量营养素组成无关。这些发现可能阐明饮食组成、胰岛素敏感性和代谢之间的关系。
NCT00315354。
