Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, MC, Poland.
Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I-go 4B, 15-054, Bialystok, Poland.
Nutr J. 2018 Dec 28;17(1):118. doi: 10.1186/s12937-018-0427-x.
Hormones, which influence satiety and hunger, play a significant role in body energy balance regulation. Ghrelin is a peptide that plays an important role in short-term appetite regulation, whereas leptin is a factor that controls long-term energy balance and is considered as a satiety hormone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the leptin/ghrelin ratio in a fasting state and after the intake of meals with varying macronutrient contents and to assess the possible differences between normal body weight and overweight/obese men.
We examined 46 healthy adult men (23 with normal body weight and 23 overweight/obese) aged 21-58, who were divided into two groups. In the crossover study, participants received isocaloric (450 kcal) meals with different macronutrient contents: men from the first group received high-carbohydrate (HC) and normo-carbohydrate (NC) meals, and in the second group, participants received high-carbohydrate and high-fat (HF) meals. The ratio of leptin/ghrelin levels was calculated from leptin and total ghrelin serum concentrations in a fasting state and 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after meal intake. One-way ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were carried out. The normality of the variable distribution was checked with the Shapiro-Wilk test, the homogeneity of variances was verified with the Levene test, and the false discovery rate p-value adjustment method was used.
The leptin/ghrelin ratio was significantly higher in overweight/obese men than individuals with normal body weight in a fasting state, as well as postprandially. We observed trends towards a higher leptin/ghrelin ratio values from the 60 min after HC-meal intake compared to the NC- and HF-meals in normal body weight participants, while in overweight/obese men, we did not note any significant differences dependent on the meal type.
We have observed a significantly different postprandial leptin/ghrelin ratio in normal body weight and overweight/obese men, and our results suggest that in men with normal body weight, a greater feeling of satiety may occur after high-carbohydrate meal intake, which was not noted in the overweight/obese individuals.
影响饱腹感和饥饿感的激素在调节身体能量平衡方面发挥着重要作用。胃饥饿素是一种在短期食欲调节中起重要作用的肽，而瘦素是控制长期能量平衡的因素，被认为是一种饱腹感激素。本研究旨在评估空腹状态下和摄入不同宏量营养素含量的餐后瘦素/胃饥饿素比值，并评估正常体重和超重/肥胖男性之间的可能差异。
我们检查了 46 名健康成年男性（23 名正常体重和 23 名超重/肥胖），年龄 21-58 岁，分为两组。在交叉研究中，参与者接受了等热量（450 卡路里）的含有不同宏量营养素的膳食：第一组男性接受高碳水化合物（HC）和正常碳水化合物（NC）膳食，而第二组参与者接受高碳水化合物和高脂肪（HF）膳食。空腹和餐后 30、60、120、180 和 240 分钟时，根据血清瘦素和总胃饥饿素浓度计算瘦素/胃饥饿素比值。采用单因素方差分析和 Wilcoxon 符号秩检验。使用 Shapiro-Wilk 检验检查变量分布的正态性，使用 Levene 检验验证方差的同质性，并使用虚假发现率 p 值调整方法。
超重/肥胖男性空腹和餐后的瘦素/胃饥饿素比值明显高于正常体重男性。我们观察到，在正常体重参与者中，与 NC 和 HF 膳食相比，HC 餐后 60 分钟时，瘦素/胃饥饿素比值呈升高趋势，而在超重/肥胖男性中，我们没有注意到任何与膳食类型相关的显著差异。
我们观察到正常体重和超重/肥胖男性餐后瘦素/胃饥饿素比值存在显著差异，我们的结果表明，在正常体重男性中，高碳水化合物餐后可能会产生更强的饱腹感，而超重/肥胖男性则没有这种感觉。
