Paul David R, Kramer Matthew, Rhodes Donna G, Rumpler William V
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Diet and Human Performance Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
J Negat Results Biomed. 2005 Mar 3;4:2. doi: 10.1186/1477-5751-4-2.
Ghrelin, a peptide secreted by endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract, is a hormone purported to have a significant effect on food intake and energy balance in humans. The influence of factors related to energy balance on ghrelin, such as daily energy expenditure, energy intake, and macronutrient intake, have not been reported. Secondly, the effect of ghrelin on food intake has not been quantified under free-living conditions over a prolonged period of time. To investigate these effects, 12 men were provided with an ad libitum cafeteria-style diet for 16 weeks. The macronutrient composition of the diets were covertly modified with drinks containing 2.1 MJ of predominantly carbohydrate (Hi-CHO), protein (Hi-PRO), or fat (Hi-FAT). Total energy expenditure was measured for seven days on two separate occasions (doubly labeled water and physical activity logs).
Preprandial ghrelin concentrations were not affected by macronutrient intake, energy expenditure or energy intake (all P > 0.05). In turn, daily energy intake was significantly influenced by energy expenditure, but not ghrelin.
Preprandial ghrelin does not appear to be influenced by macronutrient composition, energy intake, or energy expenditure. Similarly, ghrelin does not appear to affect acute or chronic energy intake under free-living conditions.
胃饥饿素是一种由胃肠道内分泌细胞分泌的肽类激素，据称对人类的食物摄入和能量平衡有显著影响。然而，能量平衡相关因素，如每日能量消耗、能量摄入和常量营养素摄入对胃饥饿素的影响尚未见报道。其次，在自由生活条件下，胃饥饿素对食物摄入的影响尚未在较长时间内进行量化研究。为了探究这些影响，12名男性连续16周采用自助餐式随意饮食。饮食中的常量营养素组成通过含有2.1兆焦耳主要为碳水化合物（高碳水化合物组，Hi-CHO）、蛋白质（高蛋白组，Hi-PRO）或脂肪（高脂肪组，Hi-FAT）的饮料进行秘密调整。在两个不同时间段，通过双标水法和身体活动日志测量了七天的总能量消耗。
餐前胃饥饿素浓度不受常量营养素摄入、能量消耗或能量摄入的影响（所有P>0.05）。反过来，每日能量摄入受能量消耗的显著影响，但不受胃饥饿素的影响。
餐前胃饥饿素似乎不受常量营养素组成、能量摄入或能量消耗的影响。同样，在自由生活条件下，胃饥饿素似乎不影响急性或慢性能量摄入。
