Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Italy.
J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2016 Apr-Jun;30(2 Suppl 1):135-41.
Periodontal diseases (PD) affect about half of the adult population all over the world. PD is caused by bacterial infection which induces an inflammatory response with progressive destruction of the periodontal tissues and finally the loss of teeth. Tobacco smoking (TS), alcohol consumption, and systemic diseases (SDs), such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, respiratory diseases, osteoporosis, malnutrition and stress, are considered additional risk factors. This short review examines the potential causal association between PD, TS and SDs. There is strong evidence that PD is associated with an increased risk of SDs. In addition, many patients with SDs are also affected by PD, which can be mild or severe, and tobacco smokers manifest a greater risk of developing PD. The aim of this manuscript is to investigate the effects of periodontal therapy on the management of SDs and influence of TS on PD. This manuscript includes many randomized controlled trials and reviews to test the effects of different periodontal therapies for patients with SDs. A definite conclusion on the relationship between PD and SDs is lacking, however, there is sufficient evidence to justify periodontal treatment to prevent SDs; in fact, PD is prevalent in the middle-aged population and can have a significant impact on systemic health.
牙周病（PD）影响着全世界约一半的成年人口。PD 由细菌感染引起，这种感染会引发炎症反应，导致牙周组织进行性破坏，最终导致牙齿丧失。吸烟（TS）、饮酒和全身性疾病（SDs），如心血管疾病、糖尿病、呼吸道疾病、骨质疏松症、营养不良和压力，被认为是额外的风险因素。这篇简短的综述探讨了 PD、TS 和 SDs 之间潜在的因果关系。有强有力的证据表明 PD 与 SDs 的风险增加有关。此外，许多患有 SDs 的患者也患有 PD，其严重程度可轻可重，而且吸烟者患 PD 的风险更高。本文的目的是研究牙周治疗对 SDs 管理的影响，以及 TS 对 PD 的影响。本文包括许多随机对照试验和综述，以测试不同牙周治疗方法对 SDs 患者的效果。尽管 PD 和 SDs 之间的关系尚无明确结论，但有足够的证据证明牙周治疗可以预防 SDs；事实上，PD 在中年人群中很普遍，会对全身健康产生重大影响。
