Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Mycoses. 2017 Jan;60(1):25-32. doi: 10.1111/myc.12537. Epub 2016 Jul 29.
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and/or toenails caused by dermatophytes, yeasts and non-dermatophyte moulds. The epidemiology of onychomycosis in Serbia is yet to be fully established. This epidemiological study was aimed at evaluating the epidemiology of onychomycosis in a sample of the Serbian patients at risk of onychomycosis, to determine the fungal aetiological agents and to identify the possible risk factors. The study population included 374 patients from six centres in Serbia with suspected onychomycosis. Demographic data, data about comorbidities, lifestyle, clinical aspects of onychomycosis, trauma, excessive perspiration and personal and family history of previous onychomycosis were studied. Laboratory confirmation of diagnosis was done by direct microscopy, fungal culture and PCR. Diagnosis of onychomycosis was confirmed in 50.8% of patients, who tested positive to at least one laboratory test (direct microscopy, fungal culture or PCR). Trichophyton rubrum was predominant both on toenails (85.98%) and on fingernails (38.46%). Independent risk factors for onychomycosis were: old age (OR = 2.285; P < 0.001), family history of previous onychomycosis and/or tinea pedis (OR = 2.452; P = 0.005), excessive perspiration (OR = 2.165; P = 0.002) and higher degree of hyperkeratosis (OR = 1.755; P = 0.020). This is a first epidemiological study of onychomycosis from Serbia.
甲真菌病是由真菌引起的指甲和/或趾甲感染，包括皮肤癣菌、酵母菌和非皮肤癣菌霉菌。塞尔维亚的甲真菌病流行病学尚未完全确定。本项流行病学研究旨在评估塞尔维亚高危甲真菌病患者样本中甲真菌病的流行病学情况，确定真菌病原体，并确定可能的危险因素。研究人群包括来自塞尔维亚 6 个中心的 374 名疑似甲真菌病患者。研究了人口统计学数据、合并症数据、生活方式、甲真菌病的临床特征、创伤、过度出汗以及既往甲真菌病的个人和家族史。通过直接显微镜检查、真菌培养和 PCR 对诊断进行实验室确认。在至少一项实验室检查（直接显微镜检查、真菌培养或 PCR）呈阳性的患者中，有 50.8%的患者确诊为甲真菌病。红色毛癣菌在趾甲（85.98%）和指甲（38.46%）中均占优势。甲真菌病的独立危险因素包括：年龄较大（OR=2.285；P＜0.001）、既往甲真菌病和/或足癣家族史（OR=2.452；P=0.005）、过度出汗（OR=2.165；P=0.002）和较高的过度角化程度（OR=1.755；P=0.020）。这是塞尔维亚首例关于甲真菌病的流行病学研究。
