Schneider Margaret, Schmalbach Priel, Godkin Sophia
School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, 258 Social Ecology I, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
J Behav Med. 2017 Apr;40(2):239-248. doi: 10.1007/s10865-016-9776-0. Epub 2016 Aug 1.
Effective approaches to promote adolescent physical activity are needed. Moreover, a one-size-fits-all approach has been minimally successful to date. This randomized controlled trial evaluates a theory-based personalized exercise prescription to enhance motivation for being active and physical activity participation among adolescent reluctant exercisers. Adolescents were characterized by affective style as reluctant (predisposed to negative affect during exercise) or latent (predisposed to positive affect during exercise) exercisers based on their affective response to an acute exercise task, and then randomly assigned to an exercise prescription of either a personalized or a moderate intensity. Assignment was double-blind. Assessments were pre- and post- the 8-week intervention. Participants were an ethnically diverse group of adolescents (19 % non-Latino White) in a public middle-school. The exercise intensity manipulation and assessments took place at the school site during regular Physical Education. Participants were assigned to either a moderate-intensity exercise prescription [target heart rate (HR) range 60-80 % of HR max] or a personalized exercise prescription corresponding to an intensity that "feels good" to the individual for 8 weeks during daily Physical Education. Outcome measures included exercise-related intrinsic motivation (via questionnaire), and daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; via accelerometer). The exercise intensity manipulation did not yield actual differences in exercise intensity during PE, and had no effect on either Intrinsic Motivation or MVPA. There was no significant interaction between affective style and group assignment in predicting Intrinsic Motivation or MVPA. This study did not find support for a link between affective experiences during exercise and physical activity participation. Providing adolescents with a personalized exercise intensity prescription and asking them to follow the prescription during PE was not an effective strategy to manipulate their affective experience of exercise. A more rigorous test of affective manipulation may require supervised exercise sessions during which exercise intensity can be directly observed and controlled.
需要有效的方法来促进青少年的体育活动。此外，一刀切的方法迄今为止收效甚微。这项随机对照试验评估了一种基于理论的个性化运动处方，以增强青少年不愿运动者参与运动的积极性和体育活动参与度。根据青少年对急性运动任务的情感反应，将其情感风格分为不愿运动者（运动时易产生负面影响）或潜在运动者（运动时易产生正面影响），然后随机分配到个性化或中等强度的运动处方组。分组是双盲的。在为期8周的干预前后进行评估。参与者是一所公立中学中种族多样的青少年群体（19%为非拉丁裔白人）。运动强度的调整和评估在学校场地的常规体育课期间进行。参与者被分配到中等强度运动处方组[目标心率（HR）范围为最大心率的60 - 80%]或个性化运动处方组，在日常体育课期间，个性化运动处方的强度是让个体感觉“良好”的强度，为期8周。结果测量包括与运动相关的内在动机（通过问卷调查）和日常中度至剧烈身体活动（MVPA；通过加速度计）。运动强度的调整在体育课期间并未产生实际的运动强度差异，对内在动机或MVPA均无影响。在预测内在动机或MVPA方面，情感风格和分组之间没有显著的交互作用。本研究未发现运动期间的情感体验与体育活动参与之间存在关联的证据。为青少年提供个性化的运动强度处方并要求他们在体育课期间遵循该处方，并不是操纵他们运动情感体验的有效策略。对情感操纵进行更严格的测试可能需要有监督的运动课程，在此期间可以直接观察和控制运动强度。
