Azabagic Selma, Spahic Razija, Pranjic Nurka, Mulic Maida
Institute of Public Health of Tuzla Canton, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Clinic of Pediatrics, University Clinic Centre Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Mater Sociomed. 2016 Jun;28(3):164-7. doi: 10.5455/msm.2016.28.164-167. Epub 2016 Jun 1.
Musculoskeletal disorders represent a significant problem of modern society which are more pronounced in young people and school children. Etiology of these disorders is found in inadequate ergonomic conditions, too heavy school bag, school furniture inadequate to age, poor posture, sedentary lifestyle, reduction of physical activity and lack of exercise.
This cross-sectional study included 1315 pupils aged 8- 12 years. As a method was used "cluster sample" in the selection of subjects. The survey was conducted by questionnaire containing information on the demographic and individual characteristics of participants (age, gender, class), the manner and style of life and the performance of school tasks, followed by standardized Nordic questionnaire. The following parameters were measured: body height and weight for each student, and the weight of full and empty school bag that students that day brought to class.
The incidence of musculoskeletal pain regardless of localization was 48%. There is a statistically significant correlation between acute pain in the right shoulder and total weight of school bags, duration of caring the bag in school and time of wearing bag from school to home but not with the manner in which school bag was carried. Acute pain in the right shoulder and acute neck pain were significantly associated with the duration of sitting in school or in front of a computer at home. Acute pain in the shoulder negatively correlated with BMI percentile value of the respondents. Acute pain in the neck is also significantly associated with the weight of a full school bags, as well as time spent sitting at home doing homework. Acute back pain is statistically significantly correlated with the weight of school bags and duration of sitting periods in school.
The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, particularly chronic pain in school children aged 8-12 years is high. Weight of school bags, manner in which the bag is carried to and from school, duration of carrying bags, time spent sitting in the school and in front of the computer, duration of sitting and posture during homework, body mass index are ergonomic reasons for the development of musculoskeletal pain.
肌肉骨骼疾病是现代社会的一个重大问题，在年轻人和学童中更为明显。这些疾病的病因在于人体工程学条件不足、书包过重、与年龄不匹配的学校家具、不良姿势、久坐不动的生活方式、体育活动减少和缺乏锻炼。
这项横断面研究纳入了1315名8至12岁的学生。在选择研究对象时采用了“整群抽样”方法。通过问卷进行调查，问卷包含参与者的人口统计学和个人特征（年龄、性别、班级）、生活方式和完成学校任务的情况，随后进行标准化的北欧问卷。测量了以下参数：每名学生的身高和体重，以及当天学生带到课堂的装满和空的书包重量。
无论疼痛部位如何，肌肉骨骼疼痛的发生率为48%。右肩急性疼痛与书包总重量、在学校携带书包的时长以及从学校到家背书包的时间之间存在统计学显著相关性，但与携带书包的方式无关。右肩急性疼痛和急性颈部疼痛与在学校或家中坐在电脑前的时长显著相关。肩部急性疼痛与受访者的BMI百分位数呈负相关。颈部急性疼痛也与装满书的书包重量以及在家做作业时坐着的时间显著相关。急性背痛与书包重量和在学校坐着的时长在统计学上显著相关。
8至12岁学童中肌肉骨骼疼痛，尤其是慢性疼痛的患病率很高。书包重量、往返学校携带书包的方式、携带书包的时长、在学校和电脑前坐着的时间、做作业时坐着的时长和姿势、体重指数是导致肌肉骨骼疼痛的人体工程学原因。
