Layuk Semuel, Martiana Tri, Bongakaraeng Bongakaraeng
Doctoral Program of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health.
Polytechnic of Health, Manado, Indonesia.
J Public Health Res. 2020 Jul 3;9(2):1841. doi: 10.4081/jphr.2020.1841.
Children in primary schools use school bags to carry study material, although the heavy bags are often associated with musculoskeletal problems, especially back pain. This practice requires strength, which significantly changes the body posture and walking pattern, subsequently leading to the incidence of back pain as a side effect. The aim of this study, therefore, is to analyze the differences in bag loads between elementary school children in urban and suburban area, and also analyze the relationship with the occurrence of back pain. This was a cross sectional study, which used stratified random sampling to choose 2 elementary schools each representing the urban and suburban areas. Furthermore, a total sample of 164 students were selected, whose school bag weight were measured for 5 consecutive days, particularly in the morning on respondents arrival at school. Moreover, the occurrence of back pain was evaluated using a modified Nordic map, and data analysis required the use of independent sample analysis t test and χ test. The results showed the presence of highly significant differences in the school bags weight of respondents in the urban and suburban areas, as well as between schools using the 2013 curriculum and otherwise. In conclusion, there is a correlation between the weight measured and the occurrence of back pain, hence the 2013 curriculum is recommended to be adopted by all elementary schools. Also, the use of lockers to store items used at school repeatedly by children is also highly encouraged.
小学的孩子们用书包来携带学习资料，尽管沉重的书包常常与肌肉骨骼问题相关联，尤其是背痛。这种做法需要力气，这会显著改变身体姿势和行走模式，随后导致背痛作为一种副作用出现。因此，本研究的目的是分析城市和郊区小学生书包重量的差异，并分析其与背痛发生之间的关系。这是一项横断面研究，采用分层随机抽样方法，各选取2所分别代表城市和郊区的小学。此外，共选取了164名学生作为样本，连续5天测量他们书包的重量，特别是在受访者早上到校时进行测量。此外，使用改良的北欧地图评估背痛的发生情况，数据分析需要使用独立样本t检验和χ检验。结果显示，城市和郊区受访者的书包重量存在极显著差异，使用2013年课程标准的学校和其他学校的书包重量也存在极显著差异。总之，测量的重量与背痛的发生之间存在相关性，因此建议所有小学采用2013年课程标准。同时，也强烈鼓励使用储物柜来存放孩子们在学校反复使用的物品。
