Archana M S
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Goa, India.
Saudi Dent J. 2016 Apr;28(2):63-9. doi: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2015.08.002. Epub 2015 Dec 21.
Paracelsus contrasted poisons from nonpoisons, stating that "All things are poisons, and there is nothing that is harmless; the dose alone decides that something is a poison". Living organisms, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, constitute a huge source of pharmaceutically useful medicines and toxins. Depending on their source, toxins can be categorized as phytotoxins, mycotoxins, or zootoxins, which include venoms and bacterial toxins. Any toxin can be harmful or beneficial. Within the last 100 years, the perception of botulinum neurotoxin (BTX) has evolved from that of a poison to a versatile clinical agent with various uses. BTX plays a key role in the management of many orofacial and dental disorders. Its indications are rapidly expanding, with ongoing trials for further applications. However, despite its clinical use, what BTX specifically does in each condition is still not clear. The main aim of this review is to describe some of the unclear aspects of this potentially useful agent, with a focus on the current research in dentistry.
帕拉塞尔苏斯将毒药与非毒药进行了对比，指出“万物皆有毒，无一物无害；唯剂量决定某物是否为毒药”。生物，如植物、动物和微生物，是药学上有用药物和毒素的巨大来源。根据来源不同，毒素可分为植物毒素、霉菌毒素或动物毒素，其中动物毒素包括毒液和细菌毒素。任何毒素都可能有害或有益。在过去100年里，肉毒杆菌神经毒素（BTX）的认知已从一种毒药演变为一种具有多种用途的多功能临床药物。BTX在许多口腔颌面和牙科疾病的治疗中发挥着关键作用。其适应症正在迅速扩大，还有更多应用正在进行试验。然而，尽管它已在临床中使用，但BTX在每种病症中具体发挥的作用仍不清楚。本综述的主要目的是描述这种潜在有用药物的一些不明确方面，重点是牙科领域的当前研究。
