Nocentini Annalaura, Menesini Ersilia
Department of Educational Science and Psychology, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi, 12, Complesso di San Salvi Padiglione 26, 50135, Florence, Italy.
Prev Sci. 2016 Nov;17(8):1012-1023. doi: 10.1007/s11121-016-0690-z.
The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the KiVa anti-bullying program in Italy through a randomized control trial of students in grades 4 and 6. The sample involved 2042 students (51 % female; grade 4, mean age = 8.85; ds = 0.43; grade 6, mean age = 10.93; ds = 0.50); 13 comprehensive schools were randomly assigned into intervention (KiVa) or control (usual school provision) conditions. Different outcomes (bullying, victimization, pro-bullying attitudes, pro-victim attitudes, empathy toward victims), analyses (longitudinal mixed model with multiple-item scales; longitudinal prevalence of bullies and victims using Olweus' single question), and estimates of effectiveness (Cohen's d; odds ratios) were considered in order to compare the Italian results with those from other countries. Multilevel models showed that KiVa reduced bullying and victimization and increased pro-victim attitudes and empathy toward the victim in grade 4, with effect sizes from 0.24 to 0.40. In grade 6, KiVa reduced bullying, victimization, and pro-bullying attitudes; the effects were smaller as compared to grade 4, yet significant (d ≥ 0.20). Finally, using Olweus dichotomous definition of bullies and victims, results showed that the odds of being a victim were 1.93 times higher for a control student than for a KiVa student in grade 4. Overall, the findings provide evidence of the effectiveness of the program in Italy; the discussion will focus on factors that influenced successfully the transportability of the KiVa program in Italy.
本研究旨在通过对四年级和六年级学生进行随机对照试验，评估KiVa反欺凌项目在意大利的有效性。样本包括2042名学生（51%为女生；四年级，平均年龄=8.85；标准差=0.43；六年级，平均年龄=10.93；标准差=0.50）；13所综合学校被随机分配到干预组（KiVa）或对照组（常规学校设置）。为了将意大利的结果与其他国家的结果进行比较，考虑了不同的结果（欺凌、受欺负、支持欺凌的态度、支持受害者的态度、对受害者的同理心）、分析方法（使用多项目量表的纵向混合模型；使用奥维斯单问题的欺凌者和受害者的纵向患病率）以及有效性估计（科恩d值；优势比）。多层次模型显示，KiVa减少了四年级的欺凌和受欺负现象，并增加了支持受害者的态度和对受害者的同理心，效应大小为0.24至0.40。在六年级，KiVa减少了欺凌、受欺负和支持欺凌的态度；与四年级相比，效果较小，但仍具有显著性（d≥0.20）。最后，使用奥维斯对欺凌者和受害者的二分法定义，结果显示，在四年级，对照组学生成为受害者的几率比KiVa组学生高1.93倍。总体而言，研究结果提供了该项目在意大利有效的证据；讨论将集中在成功影响KiVa项目在意大利可移植性的因素上。
