Gaete Jorge, Valenzuela Daniela, Rojas-Barahona Cristian, Valenzuela Eduardo, Araya Ricardo, Salmivalli Christina
Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Alvaro del Portillo 12455, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.
Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
Trials. 2017 Feb 20;18(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s13063-017-1810-1.
Bullying is a major problem worldwide and Chile is no exception. Bullying is defined as a systematic aggressive behavior against a victim who cannot defend him or herself. Victims suffer social isolation and psychological maladjustment, while bullies have a higher risk for conduct problems and substance use disorders. These problems appear to last over time. The KiVa antibullying program has been evaluated in Finland and other European countries, showing preventive effects on victimization and self-reported bullying. The aims of this study are (1) to develop a culturally appropriate version of the KiVa material and (2) to test the effectiveness of the KiVa program, with and without the online game, on reducing experiences of victimization and bullying behavior among vulnerable primary schools in Santiago (Chile), using a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) design with three arms: (1) full KiVa program group, (2) partial KiVa (without online game) program group and (3) control group.
This is a three-arm, single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a target enrolment of 1495 4th and 5th graders attending 13 vulnerable schools per arm. Students in the full and partial KiVa groups will receive universal actions: ten 2-h lessons delivered by trained teachers during 1 year; they will be exposed to posters encouraging them to support victims and behave constructively when witnessing bullying; and a person designated by the school authorities will be present in all school breaks and lunchtimes using a visible KiVa vest to remind everybody that they are in a KiVa school. KiVa schools also will have indicated actions, which consist of a set of discussion groups with the victims and with the bullies, with proper follow-up. Only full KiVa schools will also receive an online game which has the aim to raise awareness of the role of the group in bullying, increase empathy and promote strategies to support victimized peers. Self-reported victimization, bullying others and peer-reported bullying actions, psychological and academic functioning, and sense of school membership will be measured at baseline and 12 months after randomization.
This is the first cluster RCT of the KiVa antibullying program in Latin America.
ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT02898324 . Registered on 8 September 2016.
霸凌是一个全球性的重大问题，智利也不例外。霸凌被定义为针对无法自我防卫的受害者的系统性攻击行为。受害者会遭受社会孤立和心理失调，而霸凌者出现行为问题和物质使用障碍的风险更高。这些问题似乎会长期存在。KiVa反霸凌项目已在芬兰和其他欧洲国家进行了评估，显示出对受害情况和自我报告的霸凌行为有预防效果。本研究的目的是：（1）开发适合当地文化的KiVa材料版本；（2）采用三臂整群随机对照试验（RCT）设计，测试KiVa项目（有无网络游戏）对减少智利圣地亚哥弱势小学中的受害经历和霸凌行为的有效性，三臂分别为：（1）完整KiVa项目组；（2）部分KiVa（无网络游戏）项目组；（3）对照组。
这是一项三臂、单盲、整群随机对照试验（RCT），目标招募每个臂13所弱势学校的1495名四年级和五年级学生。完整KiVa组和部分KiVa组的学生将接受普遍性行动：由经过培训的教师在1年内授课10节，每节2小时；他们会看到鼓励他们支持受害者并在目睹霸凌时采取建设性行动的海报；学校当局指定的人员将在所有课间休息和午餐时间穿着醒目的KiVa背心在场，提醒每个人他们所在的学校是KiVa学校。KiVa学校还将采取特定行动，包括与受害者和霸凌者进行一系列讨论组活动，并进行适当的跟进。只有完整KiVa学校还将获得一款网络游戏，其目的是提高对群体在霸凌中作用的认识，增强同理心并推广支持受欺负同龄人的策略。将在基线和随机分组后12个月测量自我报告的受害情况、欺负他人情况、同伴报告的霸凌行为、心理和学业功能以及学校归属感。
这是拉丁美洲首次对KiVa反霸凌项目进行的整群RCT。
ClinicalTrials.gov，标识符：NCT02898324。于2016年9月8日注册。
