Hegerl Ulrich
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2016 Jun;18(2):183-90. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2016.18.2/uhegerl.
More than 800 000 people die every year from suicide, and about 20 times more attempt suicide. In most countries, suicide risk is highest in older males, and risk of attempted suicide is highest in younger females. The higher lethal level of suicidal acts in males is explained by the preference for more lethal methods, as well as other factors. In the vast majority of cases, suicidal behavior occurs in the context of psychiatric disorders, depression being the most important one. Improving the treatment of depression, restricting access to lethal means, and avoiding the Werther effect (imitation suicide) are central aspects of suicide prevention programs. In several European regions, the four-level intervention concept of the European Alliance Against Depression (www.EAAD.net), simultaneously targeting depression and suicidal behavior, has been found to have preventive effects on suicidal behavior. It has already been implemented in more than 100 regions in Europe.
每年有超过80万人死于自杀，而自杀未遂的人数约为自杀死亡人数的20倍。在大多数国家，老年男性的自杀风险最高，而年轻女性的自杀未遂风险最高。男性自杀行为的致死率较高，这是由于他们更倾向于选择致死性更强的方法以及其他因素所致。在绝大多数情况下，自杀行为发生在精神疾病的背景下，其中抑郁症是最重要的因素。改善抑郁症的治疗、限制获取致死手段以及避免“维特效应”（模仿自杀）是自杀预防项目的核心内容。在欧洲的几个地区，欧洲抗抑郁联盟（www.EAAD.net）的四级干预理念同时针对抑郁症和自杀行为，已被发现对自杀行为具有预防作用。该理念已在欧洲100多个地区实施。
