Schmelowszky Ágoston
Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella u. 46, H-1064, Budapest, Hungary. E-mail:
Psychoanal Rev. 2016 Aug;103(4):551-63. doi: 10.1521/prev.2016.103.4.551.
In the last decades one can perceive a striking parallelism between the shifting perspective of leading representatives of empirical dream research concerning their conceptualization of dreaming and the paradigm shift within clinically based psychoanalytic metapsychology with respect to its theory on the significance of dreaming. In metapsychology, dreaming becomes more and more a central metaphor of mental functioning in general. The theories of Klein, Bion, and Matte-Blanco can be considered as milestones of this paradigm shift. In empirical dream research, the competing theories of Hobson and of Solms respectively argued for and against the meaningfulness of the dream-work in the functioning of the mind. In the meantime, empirical data coming from various sources seemed to prove the significance of dream consciousness for the development and maintenance of adaptive waking consciousness. Metapsychological speculations and hypotheses based on empirical research data seem to point in the same direction, promising for contemporary psychoanalytic practice a more secure theoretical base. In this paper the author brings together these diverse theoretical developments and presents conclusions regarding psychoanalytic theory and technique, as well as proposing an outline of an empirical research plan for testing the specificity of psychoanalysis in developing dream formation.
在过去几十年里，可以察觉到经验性梦研究的主要代表人物在对梦的概念化方面不断变化的观点，与临床精神分析元心理学中关于梦的意义的理论的范式转变之间存在着惊人的相似之处。在元心理学中，梦越来越成为一般心理功能的核心隐喻。克莱因、比昂和马泰-布兰科的理论可被视为这一范式转变的里程碑。在经验性梦研究中，霍布森和索尔姆斯的相互竞争的理论分别支持和反对梦的工作在心理功能中的意义。与此同时，来自各种来源的经验数据似乎证明了梦意识对适应性清醒意识的发展和维持的重要性。基于经验研究数据的元心理学推测和假设似乎指向同一方向，为当代精神分析实践提供了一个更可靠的理论基础。在本文中，作者汇集了这些不同的理论发展，并给出了关于精神分析理论和技术的结论，同时提出了一个实证研究计划的大纲，以检验精神分析在梦形成发展中的特殊性。
