Li Hedong, Chen Gong
Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Neuron. 2016 Aug 17;91(4):728-738. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.08.004.
Neuroregeneration in the CNS has proven to be difficult despite decades of research. The old dogma that CNS neurons cannot be regenerated in the adult mammalian brain has been overturned; however, endogenous adult neurogenesis appears to be insufficient for brain repair. Stem cell therapy once held promise for generating large quantities of neurons in the CNS, but immunorejection and long-term functional integration remain major hurdles. In this Perspective, we discuss the use of in vivo reprogramming as an emerging technology to regenerate functional neurons from endogenous glial cells inside the brain and spinal cord. Besides the CNS, in vivo reprogramming has been demonstrated successfully in the pancreas, heart, and liver and may be adopted in other organs. Although challenges remain for translating this technology into clinical therapies, we anticipate that in vivo reprogramming may revolutionize regenerative medicine by using a patient's own internal cells for tissue repair.
尽管经过数十年的研究，但中枢神经系统（CNS）中的神经再生已被证明是困难的。认为成年哺乳动物大脑中的中枢神经系统神经元无法再生的旧观念已被推翻；然而，内源性成年神经发生似乎不足以修复大脑。干细胞疗法曾有望在中枢神经系统中产生大量神经元，但免疫排斥和长期功能整合仍然是主要障碍。在这篇观点文章中，我们讨论了体内重编程作为一种新兴技术，用于从脑和脊髓内的内源性神经胶质细胞再生功能性神经元。除了中枢神经系统外，体内重编程已在胰腺、心脏和肝脏中成功得到证实，并且可能应用于其他器官。尽管将这项技术转化为临床治疗仍存在挑战，但我们预计体内重编程可能会通过利用患者自身的内部细胞进行组织修复，给再生医学带来变革。
