Li Fei, Zhang Jingdong, Jiang Wei, Liu Chaoyang, Zhang Zhongmin, Zhang Chengde, Zeng Guangming
Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China.
Environmental and Resources Law Institute, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2017 Aug;39(4):923-934. doi: 10.1007/s10653-016-9864-7. Epub 2016 Aug 18.
Due to rapid urbanization and the implementation of ecological civilization construction in China, many industrial factories have been closed or relocated. Therefore, numbers of contaminated sites were generated with contaminated soils which may pose a risk to receptors living nearby. This study presented a spatial health risk assessment and hierarchical risk management policy making for mercury (Hg) in soils from a typical contaminated site in the Hunan Province, central China. Compared with the second class value (0.3 mg/kg) of the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils, the mean concentrations of Hg in the three soil depths exceeded the second class value. The non-carcinogenic risk of Hg probably posed adverse health effects in 41, 30 and 36 % of the surface soil, the moderate soil and subsoil, respectively, under a sensitive land scenario. The non-carcinogenic risk temporarily posed no adverse health effects in most areas under an insensitive land scenario except for the area around sampling site S29. Spatially, the central, southwest and northeast parts of the contaminated land under a sensitive land scenario should be regarded as the priority regions. For non-carcinogenic effects, the exposure pathways that resulted in the higher levels of exposure risk were ingestion and inhalation of vapors, followed by dermal contact and inhalation of particles. A risk-based integrated risk management policy including the hierarchical risk control values for different soil depths and the calculated remediation earthwork was proposed with consideration of the cost-benefit effect for the related decision-makers.
由于中国快速的城市化进程以及生态文明建设的实施，许多工业工厂被关闭或搬迁。因此，产生了大量受污染场地，其土壤受到污染，可能对附近居民构成风险。本研究针对中国中部湖南省一个典型污染场地土壤中的汞（Hg）进行了空间健康风险评估和分级风险管理政策制定。与中国土壤环境质量标准二级标准值（0.3毫克/千克）相比，三个土壤深度的汞平均浓度均超过了二级标准值。在敏感土地情景下，汞的非致癌风险可能分别对表层土壤、中层土壤和下层土壤中41%、30%和36%的区域造成健康不良影响。在不敏感土地情景下，除采样点S29周围区域外，大多数地区汞的非致癌风险暂时未造成健康不良影响。在空间上，敏感土地情景下污染土地的中部、西南部和东北部应被视为优先区域。对于非致癌影响，导致较高暴露风险水平的暴露途径是摄入和吸入蒸气，其次是皮肤接触和吸入颗粒物。考虑到相关决策者的成本效益，提出了一种基于风险的综合风险管理政策，包括不同土壤深度的分级风险控制值和计算得出的修复土方量。
