Mapua Mwanahamisi I, Petrželková Klára J, Burgunder Jade, Dadáková Eva, Brožová Kristýna, Hrazdilová Kristýna, Stewart Fiona A, Piel Alex K, Vallo Peter, Fuehrer Hans-Peter, Hashimoto Chie, Modrý David, Qablan Moneeb A
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.
Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
Malar J. 2016 Aug 19;15(1):423. doi: 10.1186/s12936-016-1476-2.
Habitat types can affect vector and pathogen distribution and transmission dynamics. The prevalence and genetic diversity of Plasmodium spp. in two eastern chimpanzee populations-Kalinzu Forest Reserve, Uganda and Issa Valley, Tanzania-inhabiting different habitat types was investigated. As a follow up study the effect of host sex and age on infections patterns in Kalinzu Forest Reserve chimpanzees was determined.
Molecular methods were employed to detect Plasmodium DNA from faecal samples collected from savanna-woodland (Issa Valley) and forest (Kalinzu Forest Reserve) chimpanzee populations.
Based on a Cytochrome-b PCR assay, 32 out of 160 Kalinzu chimpanzee faecal samples were positive for Plasmodium DNA, whilst no positive sample was detected in 171 Issa Valley chimpanzee faecal samples. Sequence analysis revealed that previously known Laverania species (Plasmodium reichenowi, Plasmodium billbrayi and Plasmodium billcollinsi) are circulating in the Kalinzu chimpanzees. A significantly higher proportion of young individuals were tested positive for infections, and switching of Plasmodium spp. was reported in one individual. Amongst the positive individuals sampled more than once, the success of amplification of Plasmodium DNA from faeces varied over sampling time.
The study showed marked differences in the prevalence of malaria parasites among free ranging chimpanzee populations living in different habitats. In addition, a clear pattern of Plasmodium infections with respect to host age was found. The results presented in this study contribute to understanding the ecological aspects underlying the malaria infections in the wild. Nevertheless, integrative long-term studies on vector abundance, Plasmodium diversity during different seasons between sites would provide more insight on the occurrence, distribution and ecology of these pathogens.
栖息地类型可影响病媒和病原体的分布及传播动态。对生活在乌干达卡林祖森林保护区和坦桑尼亚伊萨山谷这两种不同栖息地类型的东部黑猩猩种群中疟原虫属的流行情况和遗传多样性进行了调查。作为后续研究，确定了宿主性别和年龄对卡林祖森林保护区黑猩猩感染模式的影响。
采用分子方法从稀树草原林地（伊萨山谷）和森林（卡林祖森林保护区）黑猩猩种群采集的粪便样本中检测疟原虫DNA。
基于细胞色素b聚合酶链反应分析，160份卡林祖黑猩猩粪便样本中有32份疟原虫DNA呈阳性，而171份伊萨山谷黑猩猩粪便样本中未检测到阳性样本。序列分析表明，卡林祖黑猩猩中存在先前已知的拉维尼亚属物种（莱氏疟原虫、比尔氏疟原虫和比尔科林斯疟原虫）。感染检测呈阳性的年轻个体比例显著更高，且有一只个体报告了疟原虫属的转换。在多次采样的阳性个体中，从粪便中扩增疟原虫DNA的成功率随采样时间而变化。
该研究表明，生活在不同栖息地的野生黑猩猩种群中疟原虫的流行情况存在显著差异。此外，还发现了疟原虫感染与宿主年龄有关的明显模式。本研究结果有助于理解野生疟疾感染的生态因素。然而，对不同地点不同季节的病媒丰度、疟原虫多样性进行综合长期研究，将能更深入了解这些病原体的发生、分布和生态学。
