Yang Xiaoyang, Wang Xinhua, Yang Wen, Xu Jun, Ren Lihong, He Youjiang, Liu Bing, Bai Zhipeng, Meng Fan, Hu Min
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2016 Sep;188(9):527. doi: 10.1007/s10661-016-5533-7. Epub 2016 Aug 20.
In order to investigate long-range transport of the air pollution in the East Asia, air pollutants, including SO2, NOx, CO, and O3, were observed by aircraft measurement over the coastal and offshore area of Yellow Sea of China in April 2011. NOx and SO2 seemed to become moderate in recent years, and the concentrations during the whole observations ranged from 0.49 to 9.57 ppb and from 0.10 to 16.02 ppb, respectively. The high concentrations of CO were measured with an average value of 0.98 ppm. The measured O3 average concentration was 76.25 ppb, which showed a higher level comparing with the results from some previous studies. Most of the results for the concentration values generally followed the typical characteristic of vertical and spatial distribution, which were "low altitude > high altitude" and "land/coastal > sea," respectively. Transport of polluted air mass from the continent to the aircraft measurement area was confirmed in some days during the observation by the meteorological analysis, while the measurement results supposed to represent the background level of the pollutants in rest days. Additionally, some small-scale air pollution plumes were observed. Significant positive correlations between NOx and SO2 indicated that these two species originated from the same region. On the other hand, good positive correlations between NOx and O3 found during 2-day flight suggested that the O3 formation was probably under "NOx-limited" regime in these days.
为了研究东亚地区空气污染的远距离传输，2011年4月在中国黄海沿海和近海区域通过飞机测量对包括二氧化硫（SO₂）、氮氧化物（NOₓ）、一氧化碳（CO）和臭氧（O₃）在内的空气污染物进行了观测。近年来，NOₓ和SO₂的浓度似乎趋于适中，整个观测期间其浓度范围分别为0.49至9.57 ppb和0.10至16.02 ppb。测得的CO高浓度平均值为0.98 ppm。测得的O₃平均浓度为76.25 ppb，与一些先前研究的结果相比处于较高水平。浓度值的大多数结果总体上遵循垂直和空间分布的典型特征，分别为“低空＞高空”和“陆地/沿海＞海洋”。通过气象分析在观测期间的某些日子里证实了污染气团从大陆向飞机测量区域的传输，而测量结果应代表其余日子里污染物的背景水平。此外，还观测到了一些小规模的空气污染羽流。NOₓ和SO₂之间存在显著的正相关，表明这两种物质来自同一区域。另一方面，在为期2天的飞行中发现NOₓ和O₃之间存在良好的正相关，这表明这些日子里O₃的形成可能处于“NOₓ限制”状态。
