Department of Psychology, 5848 S. University Ave, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States.
Department of Psychology, 5848 S. University Ave, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States.
Neuropsychologia. 2020 Oct;147:107576. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107576. Epub 2020 Aug 3.
One hallmark of human morality is a deep sense of fairness. People are motivated by both self-interest and a concern for the welfare of others. However, it remains unclear whether these motivations rely on similar neural computations, and the extent to which such computations influence social decision-making when self-fairness and other-fairness motivations compete. In this study, two groups of participants engaged in the role of responder in a three-party Ultimatum Game while being scanned with functional MRI (N = 32) or while undergoing high-density electroencephalography (N = 40). In both studies, participants accepted more OtherFair offers when they themselves received fair offers. Though SelfFairness was reliably decoded from scalp voltages by 170 ms, and from hemodynamic responses in right insula and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, there was no overlap between neural representations of fairness for self and for other. Distinct neural computations and mechanisms seem to be involved when making decisions about fairness in three-party contexts, which are anchored in an egocentric, self-serving bias.
人类道德的一个显著特征是强烈的公平感。人们的动机既来自自身利益，也来自对他人福利的关注。然而，目前尚不清楚这些动机是否依赖于类似的神经计算，以及当自我公平和他人公平动机相互竞争时，这些计算在多大程度上影响社会决策。在这项研究中，两组参与者在三方最后通牒博弈中担任回应者的角色，同时接受功能磁共振成像（n=32）或高密度脑电图（n=40）扫描。在这两项研究中，当参与者自己收到公平的报价时，他们会接受更多的其他公平报价。尽管通过头皮电压在 170ms 时可可靠地解码出 SelfFairness，并且可以从右侧脑岛和背外侧前额叶皮层的血液动力学反应中解码出 SelfFairness，但自我和他人公平的神经表示之间没有重叠。在三方情境下做出公平决策时，似乎涉及到不同的神经计算和机制，这些决策以自我为中心、自私自利的偏见为基础。
