Schultz Celeste M, Danford Cynthia M
University of Michigan, 400 North Ingalls, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Department of Health Promotion and Development, 440 Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Appetite. 2016 Dec 1;107:534-548. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.120. Epub 2016 Aug 31.
Behaviors associated with eating are often cited as one of many factors contributing to the development of childhood obesity. Behavior is thought to be guided, in part, by personal beliefs and tacit knowledge, which arise from the interpretation of sensory-motor experiences. Tacit knowledge, however, differs from declarative knowledge or the acquisition of factual information attained during formal education. Yet, there are no known publications that review children's and adolescent's tacit and declarative knowledge of eating. The purpose of this integrative review was to examine the evidence regarding children's and adolescents' knowledge of eating. Literature searches were conducted in CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Selected publications included in the integrative review were empirical studies written in English that described children's and adolescent's knowledge of eating. A total of 548 publications resulted from the searches. Thirty met the inclusion criteria. Preschool-age children understood concepts related to edibleness, nutrition, and digestion as a result of their experiences with food and eating. School-age children and adolescents correctly identified not only facts about food, nutrition, and health, but also factors that influenced their decisions about eating. School-age children and adolescents also expressed concern about their diet, barriers to being healthy, and their appearance. Evidence presented in this integrative review revealed that children, including those of preschool-age, know a great deal about eating. Moreover, the evidence suggests that beliefs and tacit knowledge are more influential in directing eating behaviors than declarative knowledge or knowing facts about food, nutrition, the body, or health. Understanding what children believe and tacitly know about eating will be useful in tailoring interventions to prevent the development of childhood obesity.
与饮食相关的行为常被认为是导致儿童肥胖的众多因素之一。行为被认为部分受个人信念和隐性知识的引导，这些信念和隐性知识源于对感觉运动体验的解读。然而，隐性知识不同于陈述性知识或在正规教育中获得的事实性信息。然而，目前尚无已知的出版物对儿童和青少年关于饮食的隐性和陈述性知识进行综述。本综合综述的目的是研究有关儿童和青少年饮食知识的证据。在护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）、心理学文摘数据库（PsycINFO）、科学引文索引数据库（Web of Science）和谷歌学术进行了文献检索。纳入综合综述的选定出版物是用英文撰写的实证研究，描述了儿童和青少年的饮食知识。检索共得到548篇出版物。其中30篇符合纳入标准。学龄前儿童由于他们在食物和饮食方面的经历，理解了与可食性、营养和消化相关的概念。学龄儿童和青少年不仅正确识别了有关食物、营养和健康的事实，还识别了影响他们饮食决策的因素。学龄儿童和青少年也表达了对自己饮食、健康障碍和外表的担忧。本综合综述中呈现的证据表明，包括学龄前儿童在内的儿童对饮食了解很多。此外，证据表明，信念和隐性知识在指导饮食行为方面比陈述性知识或了解食物、营养、身体或健康的事实更具影响力。了解儿童对饮食的信念和隐性知识将有助于制定预防儿童肥胖的干预措施。
