Aresi Giovanni, Moore Simon, Marta Elena
a Psychology Department , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Milan , Italy.
b Violence & Society Research Group, Cardiff University , Cardiff , United Kingdom.
Subst Use Misuse. 2016 Dec 5;51(14):1888-904. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1201116. Epub 2016 Sep 9.
University students who complete study abroad experiences are potentially exposed to behaviors, in particular alcohol and drug use, that place their health at risk. There is a need to identify risk and protective factors and highlight knowledge gaps.
A systematic review adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. Relevant bibliographic databases and online repositories were systematically searched for both qualitative and quantitative peer-reviewed studies.
Eighteen articles were eligible for inclusion. Degree mobility students (DMSs-students pursuing a full bachelor or master degree in a foreign country) and Credit Mobility Students (CMSs-students participating in short term or semester study abroad programmes) show different patterns of at-risk behaviors compared to pre-departure, and to domestic or non-study abroad students. DMSs mostly consumed less alcohol and illicit substances compared to domestic students, but little information on pre-travel behavior and predictors of at-risk behaviors while abroad was available on DMSs. Most studies indicated that CMSs increased their alcohol use while abroad and reduced it when they returned home. However, there is no evidence of an increase in the negative consequences associated with alcohol misuse while abroad. Different pre-departure and abroad factors (e.g., perceptions of peer drinking norms, psychological and sociocultural adjustment abroad) were related to at-risk behaviors in the host country.
University students who study abroad are understudied and potentially at risk from alcohol and drug use. Knowledge gaps are discussed in relation to possible future qualitative, mixed methods and longitudinal research.
完成海外学习经历的大学生可能会接触到一些行为，尤其是饮酒和吸毒行为，这些行为会使他们的健康面临风险。有必要识别风险和保护因素，并突出知识空白。
采用系统评价与Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）方法进行系统评价。系统检索了相关的文献数据库和在线知识库，以查找定性和定量的同行评审研究。
18篇文章符合纳入标准。与出国前、国内学生或非出国留学生相比，学位流动学生（在国外攻读完整学士或硕士学位的学生）和学分流动学生（参加短期或学期海外学习项目的学生）表现出不同的危险行为模式。与国内学生相比，学位流动学生大多饮酒和使用非法药物较少，但关于他们出国前的行为以及在国外危险行为的预测因素的信息较少。大多数研究表明，学分流动学生在国外期间饮酒量增加，回国后减少。然而，没有证据表明在国外期间与酒精滥用相关的负面后果会增加。不同的出国前和国外因素（例如，对同伴饮酒规范的认知、在国外的心理和社会文化适应）与在东道国的危险行为有关。
对出国留学的大学生研究不足，他们可能面临饮酒和吸毒的风险。讨论了与未来可能的定性、混合方法和纵向研究相关的知识空白。
