Barley Elizabeth, Lawson Victoria
Professor in Health and Wellbeing, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London.
Principal Health Psychologist, Southwark Talking Therapies Service, London.
Br J Nurs. 2016 Sep 8;25(16):924-7. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2016.25.16.924.
Behaviour change theories and related research evidence highlight the complexity of making and sticking to health-related behaviour changes. These theories make explicit factors that influence behaviour change, such as health beliefs, past behaviour, intention, social influences, perceived control and the context of the behaviour. Nurses can use this information to understand why a particular patient may find making recommended health behaviour changes difficult and to determine factors that may help them. This article outlines five well-established theories of behaviour change: the health belief model, the theory of planned behaviour, the stages of change model, self-determination theory, and temporal self-regulation theory. The evidence for interventions that are informed by these theories is then explored and appraised. The extent and quality of evidence varies depending on the type of behaviour and patients targeted, but evidence from randomised controlled trials indicates that interventions informed by theory can result in behaviour change.
行为改变理论及相关研究证据凸显了做出并坚持与健康相关的行为改变的复杂性。这些理论明确了影响行为改变的因素，如健康信念、过去的行为、意图、社会影响、感知到的控制以及行为发生的背景。护士可以利用这些信息来理解为什么特定患者可能会觉得做出推荐的健康行为改变很困难，并确定可能对他们有帮助的因素。本文概述了五个成熟的行为改变理论：健康信念模型、计划行为理论、改变阶段模型、自我决定理论和时间自我调节理论。然后对基于这些理论的干预措施的证据进行了探索和评估。证据的范围和质量因所针对的行为类型和患者群体而异，但随机对照试验的证据表明，基于理论的干预措施可以导致行为改变。
