Fenton Jenifer I, Gurzell Eric A, Davidson Emily A, Harris William S
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, United States; College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, MI, United States.
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, United States.
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2016 Sep;112:12-23. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.06.004. Epub 2016 Aug 8.
Numerous clinical trials examining the use of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) on various health outcomes have been conducted, and fish oil remains one of the most widely used nutritional supplements. More recently, studies have begun to utilize the omega-3 index, defined as the sum of EPA+DHA in red blood cells (RBCs), as both a biomarker of n-3 LCPUFA exposure and a potential risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Considerably less research evaluates whether RBC phospholipid fatty acids reflect the phospholipid fatty acid composition of other tissues across increasing intakes of n-3 LCPUFAs. We fed mice diets containing increasing amounts of EPA+DHA, equivalent to current recommendations by the American Heart Association on a percent of energy basis, and analyzed the phospholipid fatty acid composition of various tissues in relation to RBCs. We observed that RBCs, heart, muscle, spleen, lung, and adipose tissues all respond to dietary supplementation with EPA+DHA with increasing n-3 LCPUFA and decreasing n-6 LCPUFA levels. Furthermore, the n-3 LCPUFA profiles of all measured tissues had strong (r>0.7) and significant (p<0.001) correlations to RBCs. Interestingly, we also observed changes in saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) levels across various tissues in response to increased EPA+DHA intakes despite there being no change in dietary SFA and MUFA. Specifically, there were increases in RBC SFA and spleen MUFA and decreases in heart MUFA. These demonstrate that the RBC, including the omega-3 index, may serve as a marker for the relative levels of n-3 and n-6 LCPUFAs in phospholipids of certain tissues.
已经开展了许多临床试验来研究ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 LCPUFAs）对各种健康结局的影响，鱼油仍然是使用最广泛的营养补充剂之一。最近，研究开始将ω-3指数（定义为红细胞（RBC）中EPA+DHA的总和）用作n-3 LCPUFAs暴露的生物标志物以及冠心病（CHD）的潜在危险因素。关于随着n-3 LCPUFAs摄入量增加，红细胞磷脂脂肪酸是否反映其他组织的磷脂脂肪酸组成的研究要少得多。我们给小鼠喂食含有逐渐增加量EPA+DHA的饮食，按能量百分比相当于美国心脏协会目前的建议量，并分析了各种组织相对于红细胞的磷脂脂肪酸组成。我们观察到，红细胞、心脏、肌肉、脾脏、肺和脂肪组织都对补充EPA+DHA的饮食做出反应，n-3 LCPUFAs水平增加，n-6 LCPUFAs水平降低。此外，所有测量组织的n-3 LCPUFAs谱与红细胞都有很强的（r>0.7）且显著的（p<0.001）相关性。有趣的是，尽管饮食中的饱和脂肪酸（SFA）和单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）没有变化，但我们还观察到随着EPA+DHA摄入量增加，各种组织中的饱和脂肪酸（SFA）和单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）水平发生了变化。具体而言，红细胞SFA和脾脏MUFA增加，心脏MUFA减少。这些表明，包括ω-3指数在内的红细胞可能作为某些组织磷脂中n-3和n-6 LCPUFAs相对水平的标志物。
