Bonyadi Ziaeddin, Ehrampoush Mohammad Hasan, Ghaneian Mohammad Taghi, Mokhtari Mehdi, Sadeghi Abbas
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran.
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
Environ Monit Assess. 2016 Oct;188(10):570. doi: 10.1007/s10661-016-5574-y. Epub 2016 Sep 17.
Poor air quality is one of the most important environmental problems in many large cities of the world, which can cause a wide range of acute and chronic health effects, including partial physiological disorders and cardiac death due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. According to the latest edition of the national standard for air quality, maximum contamination level is 15 μg/m(3) per year and 35 μg/m(3) per day. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular, respiratory, and total mortality attributed to PM2.5 in the city of Mashhad during 2013. To this end, the Air Q model was used to assess health impacts of PM2.5 and human exposure to it. In this model, the attributable proportion of health outcome, annual number of excess cases of mortality for all causes, and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were estimated. The results showed that the number of excess cases of mortality for all causes and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases attributable to PM2.5 was 32, 263, and 332 μg/m(3), respectively. Moreover, the annual average of PM2.5 in Mashhad was obtained to be 37.85 μg/m(3). This study demonstrated that a high percentage of mortality resulting from this pollutant could be due to the high average concentration of PM2.5 in the city during 2013. In this case, using the particle control methods, such as optimal use of fuel, management of air quality in urban areas, technical inspection of vehicles, faster development of public transport, and use of industrial technology can be effective in reducing air pollution in cities and turning existing situations into preferred ones.
空气质量差是世界上许多大城市面临的最重要的环境问题之一，它会导致一系列急性和慢性健康问题，包括部分生理紊乱以及因呼吸系统和心血管疾病导致的心脏死亡。根据最新版空气质量国家标准，每年的最大污染水平为每立方米15微克，每日为每立方米35微克。本研究的目的是评估2013年马什哈德市因细颗粒物（PM2.5）导致的心血管、呼吸系统和全因死亡率。为此，使用了Air Q模型来评估PM2.5对健康的影响以及人类对其的暴露情况。在该模型中，估计了健康结果的归因比例、所有原因以及心血管和呼吸系统疾病的年度超额死亡病例数。结果显示，PM2.5导致的所有原因以及心血管和呼吸系统疾病的超额死亡病例数分别为32、263和332例每立方米。此外，马什哈德市PM2.5的年平均浓度为每立方米37.85微克。本研究表明，2013年该市这种污染物导致的高死亡率可能归因于PM2.5的高平均浓度。在这种情况下，采用颗粒控制方法，如优化燃料使用、城市空气质量管理、车辆技术检查、加快公共交通发展以及采用工业技术，对于减少城市空气污染并将现有状况转变为更理想的状况可能是有效的。
